Guénel P, Raskmark P, Andersen J B, Lynge E
INSERM U88, Paris, France.
Br J Ind Med. 1993 Aug;50(8):758-64. doi: 10.1136/oem.50.8.758.
Several studies suggest that work in electrical occupations is associated with an increased risk of cancer, mainly leukaemia and brain tumours. These studies may, however, not be representative if there is a publication bias where mainly positive results are reported. To study an unselected population the incidence of cancer was followed up over a 17 year period (1970-87) in a cohort of 2.8 million Danes aged 20-64 years in 1970. Each person was classified by his or her industry and occupation in 1970. Before tabulation of the data on incidence of cancer, each industry-occupation group was coded for potential exposure to magnetic fields above the threshold 0.3 microT. Some 154,000 men were considered intermittently exposed and 18,000 continuously exposed. The numbers for women were 79,000 and 4000 respectively. Intermittent exposure was not associated with an increased risk of leukaemia, brain tumours, or melanoma. Men with continuous exposure, however, had an excess risk of leukaemia (observed (obs) 39, expected (exp) 23.80, obs/exp 1.64, 95% CI 1.20-2.24) with equal contributions from acute and other leukaemias. These men had no excess risk of brain tumours or melanoma. A risk for breast cancer was suggested in exposed men but not in women. The risk for leukaemia in continuously exposed men was mainly in electricians in installation works and iron foundry workers. Besides electromagnetic fields other exposures should be considered as possible aetiological agents.
多项研究表明，从事电气行业的工作与患癌风险增加有关，主要是白血病和脑肿瘤。然而，如果存在发表偏倚，即主要报告阳性结果，那么这些研究可能不具有代表性。为了研究未经过筛选的人群，对1970年年龄在20 - 64岁的280万丹麦人的队列进行了为期17年（1970 - 1987年）的癌症发病率跟踪调查。每个人根据其1970年的行业和职业进行分类。在将癌症发病率数据制成表格之前，对每个行业 - 职业组进行编码，以确定其是否可能暴露于阈值0.3微特斯拉以上的磁场。约15.4万名男性被认为是间歇性暴露，1.8万名男性是持续性暴露。女性的相应数字分别为7.9万和4000。间歇性暴露与白血病、脑肿瘤或黑色素瘤风险增加无关。然而，持续性暴露的男性患白血病的风险过高（观察到的（obs）为39例，预期的（exp）为23.80例，obs/exp为1.64，95%置信区间为1.20 - 2.24），急性白血病和其他白血病的贡献相同。这些男性没有患脑肿瘤或黑色素瘤的额外风险。暴露的男性中提示有患乳腺癌的风险，但女性中未提示有此风险。持续性暴露男性患白血病的风险主要集中在安装工程电工和铸铁工人中。除了电磁场，其他暴露因素也应被视为可能的病因。
