Gillberg C
Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Annedals Clinics, Göteborg, Sweden.
J Intellect Disabil Res. 1993 Aug;37 ( Pt 4):343-72. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2788.1993.tb00879.x.
Childhood autism is conceptualized as a behavioural syndrome with several different aetiologies. Its prevalence is estimated at about one in every thousand children born. The male:female ratio is considerably higher than in the general population, but possibly not as high as 3-4:1 (as has been suggested for almost 50 years in the literature). A number of specific medical conditions are associated with autism and a comprehensive medical work-up is required in all cases with pervasive autistic symptomatology. Genetic factors contribute to the development of autism in some cases. Recent neurobiological and psychological studies contribute to a concept of the autistic syndrome as but one of several different syndromes characterized by impaired empathy skills.
儿童自闭症被概念化为一种具有多种不同病因的行为综合征。据估计，其患病率约为每千名出生儿童中有一例。男女比例明显高于普通人群，但可能不像文献中近50年来所建议的那样高达3 - 4:1。一些特定的医学状况与自闭症相关，所有具有广泛自闭症症状的病例都需要进行全面的医学检查。在某些情况下，遗传因素会导致自闭症的发展。最近的神经生物学和心理学研究促成了一种观点，即自闭症综合征只是以共情技能受损为特征的几种不同综合征之一。
