Bauer P J, Hertsgaard L A
Institute of Child Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis 55455-0345.
Child Dev. 1993 Aug;64(4):1204-23.
Children late in the second year of life show patterns of event recall similar to those of older children: (a) well-ordered immediate and delayed recall, and (b) facilitation of recall by familiarity and by enabling relations. We used elicited imitation to test whether the patterns extend to children early in the second year. In Experiment 1, 13.5- and 16.5-month-olds accurately recalled familiar and novel 2-act sequences immediately and after a 1-week delay. For 16.5-month-olds, recall was facilitated by familiarity and by enabling relations; for 13.5-month-olds, only enabling relations facilitated recall. In Experiment 2, verbal cues were used to test immediate and 1-week delayed recall of 3-act sequences. For both ages, recall was facilitated by familiarity and by enabling relations. Experiment 3 verified that the verbal information served to cue recall of previously experienced events, not to "suggest" sequences that could be performed. Together the results demonstrate that children as young as 13 months can recall specific events after a delay. They also suggest development in sensitivity to factors that facilitate recall.
（a）有序的即时回忆和延迟回忆，以及（b）熟悉度和建立联系对回忆的促进作用。我们采用诱发模仿来测试这些模式是否适用于两岁初期的儿童。在实验1中，13.5个月和16.5个月大的婴儿能够即时准确回忆熟悉和新颖的两动作序列，且在延迟1周后仍能回忆。对于16.5个月大的婴儿，熟悉度和建立联系都促进了回忆；对于13.5个月大的婴儿，只有建立联系促进了回忆。在实验2中，使用语言提示来测试对三动作序列的即时回忆和延迟1周后的回忆。对于这两个年龄段的婴儿，熟悉度和建立联系都促进了回忆。实验3证实，语言信息用于提示对先前经历事件的回忆，而不是“暗示”可以执行的序列。这些结果共同表明，年仅13个月的儿童在延迟后能够回忆特定事件。它们还表明在对促进回忆的因素的敏感性方面存在发展变化。
