Wurm L H, Legge G E, Isenberg L M, Luebker A
Department of Psychology, State University of New York, Stony Brook.
J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform. 1993 Aug;19(4):899-911. doi: 10.1037//0096-1523.19.4.899.
Does color improve object recognition? If so, is the improvement greater for images with low spatial resolution in which there is less shape information? Do people with low visual acuity benefit more from color? Three experiments measured reaction time (RT) and accuracy for naming food objects displayed in 4 types of images: gray scale or color, and high or low spatial resolution (produced by blur). Normally sighted Ss had faster RTs with color, but the improvement was not significantly greater for images with low spatial resolution. Low vision subjects were also faster with color, but the difference did not depend significantly on acuity. In 2 additional experiments, it was found that the faster RTs for color stimuli were related to objects' prototypicality but not to their color diagnosticity. It was concluded that color does improve object recognition, and the mechanism is probably sensory rather than cognitive in origin.
颜色能提高物体识别能力吗？如果能，对于空间分辨率低、形状信息较少的图像，这种提高会更大吗？视力低下的人从颜色中获益更多吗？三项实验测量了对4种类型图像中显示的食物物体进行命名的反应时间（RT）和准确率：灰度或彩色，以及高或低空间分辨率（由模糊产生）。视力正常的受试者对彩色图像的反应时间更快，但对于低空间分辨率的图像，这种提高并不显著更大。视力低下的受试者对彩色图像的反应也更快，但差异并不显著取决于视力。在另外两项实验中，发现对颜色刺激反应更快与物体的典型性有关，而与它们的颜色诊断性无关。得出的结论是，颜色确实能提高物体识别能力，其机制可能源于感觉而非认知。
