DeJong C A, van den Brink W, Jansen J A
Institute for Addiction Treatment, Oedenrode, The Netherlands.
J Subst Abuse Treat. 1993 Jul-Aug;10(4):383-9. doi: 10.1016/0740-5472(93)90023-u.
In the course of a selection procedure for inpatient treatment in an addiction clinic, it was repeatedly noticed that the attitude of staff-members towards male alcoholics was more confronting and critical as compared to a more empathic and supportive attitude towards female alcoholics. Two different processes may account for this phenomenon. Firstly, male and female alcoholics may differ in their interpersonal behaviour towards therapists, and subsequently these different behaviours evoke different attitudes and behaviours in therapists (interaction-hypothesis). Secondly, these different attitudes towards male and female patients may emerge from preconceived ideas among therapists about male and female alcoholics (stereotype-hypothesis). This study describes the stereotypes held by therapists regarding the interpersonal behaviour of male and female alcoholics. Furthermore, it explores the influence of self perceived interpersonal behaviour of therapists on these stereotypes. The results suggest, that the differences in attitude and behaviour towards alcoholics are--at least partly--the result of different male and female alcoholic stereotypes held by therapists. These stereotypes were related to the self perceived interpersonal behaviour of the therapist. Pretreatment matching of patients and therapists should be based on interpersonal attitude rather than on sex.
在一家戒毒诊所的住院治疗选拔过程中，人们多次注意到，与对女性酗酒者更具同理心和支持性的态度相比，工作人员对男性酗酒者的态度更具对抗性和批判性。有两个不同的过程可以解释这一现象。首先，男性和女性酗酒者在与治疗师的人际行为上可能存在差异，随后这些不同的行为会在治疗师身上引发不同的态度和行为（互动假设）。其次，治疗师对男性和女性患者的这些不同态度可能源于他们对男性和女性酗酒者的先入之见（刻板印象假设）。本研究描述了治疗师对男性和女性酗酒者人际行为的刻板印象。此外，它还探讨了治疗师自我感知的人际行为对这些刻板印象的影响。结果表明，对酗酒者态度和行为的差异至少部分是治疗师对男性和女性酗酒者持有不同刻板印象的结果。这些刻板印象与治疗师自我感知的人际行为有关。患者和治疗师的治疗前匹配应基于人际态度而非性别。
