Zhang J, Cai W W
Carolina Population Center, Chapel Hill, NC 27516-3997.
Pediatrics. 1993 Oct;92(4):559-63.
To examine the association between the common cold with or without fever in the first 3 months of pregnancy and birth defects in offspring.
A case-control study.
Data are from the Shanghai Birth Defects Monitoring Program, conducted in 29 hospitals in Shanghai, China from October 1, 1986 to September 30, 1987.
A total of 986 birth defects cases, 990 frequency-matched live birth controls, and 159 stillbirth controls.
Modestly elevated risk of birth defects was identified among women who reported having a cold with or without fever in the first trimester of pregnancy. Notably increased relative risks were observed for anencephalus (odds ratio [OR] = 3.9, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.0 to 7.7), spina bifida (OR = 4.1, 95% CI = 1.7 to 9.7), hydrocephalus (OR = 2.3, 95% CI = 1.1 to 5.1), cleft lip (OR = 2.2, 95% CI = 1.4 to 3.4), and undescended testicle (OR = 1.8, 95% CI = 1.0 to 3.0). Our study further found that the overall relative risks were consistent by using two different control groups, suggesting that this association was unlikely to be due to recall or report bias.
Common cold in the first trimester of pregnancy may be associated with an increased risk of birth defects in offspring. However, these findings should be interpreted cautiously.
研究妊娠前3个月患普通感冒（无论有无发热）与子代出生缺陷之间的关联。
病例对照研究。
数据来自上海出生缺陷监测项目，该项目于1986年10月1日至1987年9月30日在中国上海的29家医院开展。
共986例出生缺陷病例、990例频数匹配的活产对照以及159例死产对照。
报告在妊娠早期患普通感冒（无论有无发热）的女性中，出生缺陷风险略有升高。无脑儿（比值比[OR]=3.9，95%置信区间[CI]=2.0至7.7）、脊柱裂（OR=4.1，95%CI=1.7至9.7）、脑积水（OR=2.3，95%CI=1.1至5.1）、唇裂（OR=2.2，95%CI=1.4至3.4）和隐睾（OR=1.8，95%CI=1.0至3.0）的相对风险显著增加。我们的研究进一步发现，使用两个不同对照组得出的总体相对风险是一致的，这表明这种关联不太可能是由于回忆或报告偏倚所致。
妊娠早期患普通感冒可能与子代出生缺陷风险增加有关。然而，这些发现应谨慎解读。
