Scherer Y K, Janelli L M, Wu Y W, Kuhn M M
School of Nursing, State University of New York, Buffalo 14214.
Heart Lung. 1993 Jan-Feb;22(1):77-83.
To determine practice and attitudes of acute-critical care nurses toward the use of physical restraints.
Survey with a self-administered anonymous questionnaire.
A self-selected sample of 235 acute-critical care nurses from 17 states who were enrolled in critical care review classes.
Data were gathered by use of a questionnaire developed by the researchers. The questionnaire was designed to elicit information regarding demographic and professional characteristics, nursing practice, and attitudes toward the use of restraints. Nurses responded to the practice items on a three-point Likert Scale as to whether they "always," "sometimes," or "never" carried out the procedure. To obtain information on attitudes, nurses were asked to respond on a three-point Likert Scale as to whether they "agreed," were "undecided," or "disagreed" with the statement.
Responses indicated 78% of the sample "always" try alternative nursing measures before restraining the patient. However, when units were believed to be understaffed there was more reliance on restraints. Thirty-eight percent of the sample would "always" rather sedate patients than physically restrain them. The overall score on the attitude component of the questionnaire reflected positive or acceptable attitudes toward the use of restraints. Most (62%) "agreed" that a patient suffers a loss of dignity when placed in restraints. Significant relationships did exist between select demographic and professional characteristics and practice and attitudes regarding the use of restraints. The longer the respondents had worked in critical care the more appropriate (positive) their attitudes toward the use of restraints (r = -.211, p < .01).
In general, nursing practice and attitudes regarding the use of physical restraints indicated that respondents were using restraints in accordance with accepted practice. There is a need for additional research in this area, especially regarding the use of alternative measures to physical restraints.
确定急重症护理护士对使用身体约束的做法和态度。
采用自行填写的匿名问卷进行调查。
来自17个州的235名急重症护理护士的自选择样本，他们参加了重症护理复习课程。
使用研究人员编制的问卷收集数据。该问卷旨在获取有关人口统计学和专业特征、护理实践以及对使用约束的态度的信息。护士根据三点李克特量表回答关于他们是否“总是”“有时”或“从不”执行该程序的实践项目。为了获取态度方面的信息，要求护士根据三点李克特量表回答他们对该陈述是“同意”、“不确定”还是“不同意”。
调查结果显示，78%的样本在约束患者之前“总是”尝试其他护理措施。然而，当认为科室人员不足时，对约束的依赖会增加。38%的样本“总是”宁愿给患者使用镇静剂而不是进行身体约束。问卷态度部分的总体得分反映了对使用约束的积极或可接受态度。大多数（62%）“同意”患者在被约束时会失去尊严。在选定的人口统计学和专业特征与使用约束的实践和态度之间确实存在显著关系。受访者在重症护理领域工作的时间越长，他们对使用约束的态度就越恰当（积极）（r = -0.211，p < 0.01）。
总体而言，关于使用身体约束的护理实践和态度表明，受访者使用约束的方式符合公认的做法。该领域需要进行更多研究，特别是关于身体约束替代措施的使用。
