Arterial alterations with aging and high blood pressure. A noninvasive study of carotid and femoral arteries.

Noninvasive in situ evaluations of pulsatile changes of blood pressure and arterial diameter were performed at the sites of the common carotid and femoral arteries in a population of 78 untreated normotensive and hypertensive subjects. Arterial segments were studied by using an original echo-tracking technique for internal diameter and validated applanation tonometry for local pulse pressure measurements. Whereas mean arterial pressure is known to be identical in all parts of the arterial tree, pulse pressure was significantly lower in the carotid (52.7 +/- 2.2 mm Hg) than in the brachial (62.0 +/- 2.0 mm Hg) or femoral (62.5 +/- 2.5 mm Hg) arteries. Despite a higher pulse pressure and diastolic diameter, the femoral artery had a lower pulsatile change in diameter (3.47 +/- 0.18% versus 6.07 +/- 0.28%; p < 0.0001) and distensibility coefficient (9.36 +/- 0.58 versus 21.60 +/- 1.75 x 10(-3) kPa-1) than the carotid artery. Local cross-sectional compliance of the carotid artery was higher than that of the femoral artery (7.42 +/- 0.46 versus 6.20 +/- 0.28 m2.kPa-1.10(-7); p < 0.05). Whereas age was strongly correlated with arterial parameters at the site of the carotid artery (pulse pressure: r = 0.54, p < 0.0001; pulsatile change in arterial diameter: r = -0.62, p < 0.0001; distensibility coefficient: r = -0.70, p < 0.0001), no significant correlation was observed at the femoral artery. Mean blood pressure was the second factor of carotid artery alterations: the higher the mean blood pressure, the lower the distensibility of this artery (r = -0.36, p < 0.01).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)