Rolls B J
Program in Biobehavioral Health, Pennsylvania State University, University Park 16802.
Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 1993;33(1):39-44. doi: 10.1080/10408399309527610.
Food intake declines with age and the elderly frequently report a decrease in appetite. Social and physical factors as well as decreased energy expenditure may be part of the explanation for the decreased food intake; however, it is possible that changes in hunger mechanisms are also involved, but more studies similar to those conducted on thirst are needed. The consumption of a varied diet depends in part on sensory-specific satiety, that is, the decrease in the pleasantness of a food as it is consumed. We have shown that sensory-specific satiety changes with age such that it was absent in individuals over the age of 65 and this could be part of the explanation of why the elderly consume more monotonous diets. Additional basic studies on how aging affects the controls of food intake will suggest ways to improve the nutritional status of the elderly.
食物摄入量会随着年龄增长而下降，老年人经常报告食欲减退。社会和身体因素以及能量消耗减少可能是食物摄入量减少的部分原因；然而，饥饿机制的变化也可能与之有关，但需要更多类似于对口渴进行的研究。多样化饮食的摄入部分取决于感官特异性饱腹感，即随着食物的食用，其愉悦感会降低。我们已经表明，感官特异性饱腹感会随着年龄变化，65岁以上的个体不存在这种现象，这可能是老年人饮食更单一的部分原因。关于衰老如何影响食物摄入控制的更多基础研究将为改善老年人营养状况提供方法。
