Effects of cadmium and lead on adrenergic neuromuscular transmission in the rabbit.

The effects of inorganic lead (PbCl2) and cadmium (DdCl2) on the pressor response of rabbit saphenous arteries produced by sympathetic nerve stimulation were examined. A 1- to 3-cm length of artery was removed, placed in a bath containing mammalian Ringer solution, and perfused with the same solution at a constant rate sufficient to maintain a 40-60 mmHg perfusion pressure. Increases in perfusion pressure resulting from electrical stimulation -f periarterial nerve endings were reduced or completely blocked by the addition of 5-20 muM lead or cadmium to the bathing solution for a period of 15-30 min. Responses to norepinephrine or to direct electrical stimulation of the muscle remained relatively unaffected. During lead or cadmium blockade, the response to nerve stimulation could be restored by a fourfold increase in calcium concentration. It is concluded that lead and cadmium reduce the response to sympathetic nerve stimulation primarily through an effect on presynaptic nerve terminals.