Mandel T E
Transplantation Unit, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC.
Med J Aust. 1993 Feb 15;158(4):269-73. doi: 10.5694/j.1326-5377.1993.tb121754.x.
Transplantation has become an established treatment for many diseases where organ replacement is the best or perhaps the only option, but it has not reached its full potential. The use of fetal and infant donors raises ethical problems, as does the use of other species for xenografts. Legal problems include the drafting of appropriate legislation to maximise the donor pool. Economic limitations are imposed by the competition for funding with other areas of medicine. Transplantation of cells, tissues, and organs is rapidly being expanded. Exciting progress in experimental models of new methods of immunosuppression may lead to immunological tolerance of grafts so that chronic non-specific immunosuppression becomes a thing of the past. Xenografts will probably have to become a major source of organs as transplantation is extended to more patients and a broader range of diseases. Genetic engineering may alleviate the problem of supply in some instances; free cell transplants of genetically modified cells are being studied.
移植已成为许多疾病的既定治疗方法，在这些疾病中，器官置换是最佳选择甚至可能是唯一选择，但它尚未发挥出全部潜力。使用胎儿和婴儿供体引发了伦理问题，使用其他物种进行异种移植也是如此。法律问题包括起草适当的立法以扩大供体库。经济限制来自与医学其他领域争夺资金。细胞、组织和器官移植正在迅速扩展。新型免疫抑制方法实验模型的令人兴奋的进展可能会导致移植物的免疫耐受，从而使慢性非特异性免疫抑制成为过去。随着移植扩展到更多患者和更广泛的疾病范围，异种移植可能不得不成为主要的器官来源。基因工程在某些情况下可能会缓解供应问题；正在研究转基因细胞的游离细胞移植。
