Brewin C R, Andrews B, Gotlib I H
Medical Research Council Social and Community Psychiatry Unit, University of London, England.
Psychol Bull. 1993 Jan;113(1):82-98. doi: 10.1037/0033-2909.113.1.82.
Three potential sources of error in retrospective reports of childhood experiences are documented: low reliability and validity of autobiographical memory in general, the presence of general memory impairment associated with psychopathology, and the presence of specific mood-congruent memory biases associated with psychopathology. The evidence reviewed suggests that claims concerning the general unreliability of retrospective reports are exaggerated and that there is little reason to link psychiatric status with less reliable or less valid recall of early experiences. Nevertheless, it is clear that steps must be taken to overcome the limitations of retrospective reports and enhance their reliability.
一般而言，自传体记忆的可靠性和有效性较低；与精神病理学相关的一般性记忆损害的存在；以及与精神病理学相关的特定情绪一致性记忆偏差的存在。所审查的证据表明，关于回顾性报告普遍不可靠的说法被夸大了，而且几乎没有理由将精神状态与对早期经历的不太可靠或不太有效的回忆联系起来。然而，很明显，必须采取措施克服回顾性报告的局限性并提高其可靠性。
