Mares-Perlman J A, Klein B E, Klein R, Ritter L L, Freudenheim J L, Luby M H
Department of Ophthalmology, University of Wisconsin, Madison 53705-2397.
J Nutr. 1993 Feb;123(2):176-88. doi: 10.1093/jn/123.2.276.
Intake of macronutrients and micronutrients was estimated from a diet history questionnaire in a population-based sample of persons (n = 2152), 43-86 y of age. Men and women 65 y of age or older consumed less protein, fat, cholesterol, niacin, riboflavin, calcium, iron, zinc and lycopene than their middle-aged counterparts. After including nutrient intake from supplements, age differences in intake were no longer significant for zinc in women or for niacin and iron in men. After further adjusting for energy intake, only protein, cholesterol, and lycopene mean intakes were lower in older compared with middle-aged men and women. Regular use of supplements was most prevalent among older men and women (40 and 48%, respectively). Supplement use was greater in the current time period compared with retrospective reports of supplement use 10 y before interview. The impact of supplement intake on median values of intake was greatest in women, particularly for vitamins A, C and E, riboflavin and calcium. The high prevalence of supplement use emphasizes the importance of considering this source of nutrients in future investigations in which dietary intake is measured.
通过饮食史调查问卷，对一个基于人群的样本（n = 2152）中年龄在43 - 86岁的人群的常量营养素和微量营养素摄入量进行了估算。65岁及以上的男性和女性摄入的蛋白质、脂肪、胆固醇、烟酸、核黄素、钙、铁、锌和番茄红素比中年人群少。在纳入补充剂中的营养素摄入量后，女性锌摄入量以及男性烟酸和铁摄入量的年龄差异不再显著。在进一步调整能量摄入量后，与中年男性和女性相比，老年人仅蛋白质、胆固醇和番茄红素的平均摄入量较低。老年人中经常使用补充剂的情况最为普遍（男性和女性分别为40%和48%）。与访谈前10年补充剂使用情况的回顾性报告相比，当前时间段补充剂的使用更为普遍。补充剂摄入对摄入量中位数的影响在女性中最大，尤其是维生素A、C和E、核黄素和钙。补充剂使用的高发生率强调了在未来测量饮食摄入量的调查中考虑这种营养素来源的重要性。
