Lamminpää A, Riihimäki V, Vilska J
Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Helsinki, Finland.
J Clin Epidemiol. 1993 Jan;46(1):47-55. doi: 10.1016/0895-4356(93)90008-o.
Poisonings constitute an important category of causes for admission of patients to the emergency room. The annual incidence of hospitalized poisonings in Finland over 2 years (1987-1988) was 11.7 for a population of 10,000 according to the Hospital Discharge Register; it was 8.7/10,000 for drugs and 3.0/10,000 for non-drugs. Children under 6 years of age were most frequently hospitalized because of poisoning (16.9/10,000), followed by adults aged 25-44 years (14.8/10,000). The leading causes of poisoning or chemical injury in children were undefined non-drug poisonings; plants, berries and mushrooms mistaken for edible food, and corrosives. In patients aged 6 years or more, mainly adults, the leading causes were psychotropic drugs, ethanol, and cardiovascular drugs. The pattern of poisoning has changed markedly during the 1980s; the rate of psychotropic and sedative drug poisoning admissions have increased from 35 to 47%, and poisonings due to analgesics have also increased significantly. Conversely, poisonings caused by cardiovascular drugs and antibiotics, solvent poisonings and incidents caused by corrosives have decreased significantly (p < 0.001).
中毒是患者入住急诊室的重要病因类别。根据医院出院登记册，芬兰两年（1987 - 1988年）期间住院中毒的年发病率为每10000人中有11.7例；药物中毒为8.7/10000，非药物中毒为3.0/10000。6岁以下儿童因中毒住院最为常见（16.9/10000），其次是25 - 44岁的成年人（14.8/10000）。儿童中毒或化学损伤的主要原因是不明非药物中毒、误认作可食用食物的植物、浆果和蘑菇以及腐蚀性物质。在6岁及以上患者（主要是成年人）中，主要原因是精神药物、乙醇和心血管药物。20世纪80年代中毒模式发生了显著变化；精神药物和镇静药物中毒入院率从35%增至47%，镇痛药中毒也显著增加。相反，心血管药物和抗生素中毒、溶剂中毒以及腐蚀性物质导致的中毒事件显著减少（p < 0.001）。
