Benezra D, Chirambo M C
Br J Ophthalmol. 1977 Feb;61(2):154-7. doi: 10.1136/bjo.61.2.154.
The expected incidence of blindness among children under 5 years of age in Malawi is 34 cases per 100 000 children. Direct ocular infections were responsible for the blindness in 32% of the cases (bacterial infections 20% and measles 12%). The instillation of traditional medicine in these cases worsened the ocular condition and induced in all of the cases a "hopeless" situation of total melting of the cornea and protrusion of the uvea. Congenital factors (excluding retinoblastomas) were responsible for 30-8% of the blind cases. Among these, 11 cases of congenital cataracts were successfully treated and will not appear as blind in future. A high incidence (9-3%) of cortical blindness was recorded. Trauma was implicated in 5-3%, while retinoblastoma was found in 8%. It is believed that adequate preventive measures should be able to lower the incidence of blindness among this age group to 5 cases instead of 34 per 100 000 children.
马拉维5岁以下儿童失明的预期发病率为每10万名儿童中有34例。直接眼部感染导致了32%的失明病例（细菌感染占20%，麻疹占12%）。在这些病例中滴注传统药物使眼部状况恶化，并在所有病例中导致了角膜完全融化和葡萄膜突出的“绝望”情况。先天性因素（不包括视网膜母细胞瘤）导致了30 - 8%的失明病例。其中，11例先天性白内障病例得到成功治疗，未来不会被视为失明。记录到皮质盲的发病率较高（9 - 3%）。外伤占5 - 3%，而视网膜母细胞瘤占8%。据信，适当的预防措施应能将该年龄组的失明发病率降至每10万名儿童5例，而不是34例。
