Robinson G C, Jan J E
Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
Am J Dis Child. 1993 Mar;147(3):325-8. doi: 10.1001/archpedi.1993.02160270087028.
To describe the causes, sites, and types of eye anomaly and associated handicaps in children identified in the last 30 years with ocular visual impairment of 20/200 (6/60) or worse in the better eye with correction.
Trend study.
Children in British Columbia younger than 19 years with visual loss diagnosed between January 1960 and December 1989 who were referred for multidisciplinary assessment.
The incidence of acquired ocular visual impairment has decreased from 0.6 to less than 0.2 per 10,000 people aged 19 years or younger during the last 30 years. The most common cause was a genetic cause, followed by tumor, injury, infection and autoimmune disorders. Optic nerve atrophy and retinal disorders together resulted in more than 90% of all ocular lesions. Gender distribution revealed more males than females to be affected. Sixty-six percent of children had enough sight to read. The percentage of affected children with neurologic disabilities has increased overall in the last 30 years because more children with profound brain damage have survived.
Acquired ocular visual impairment is rare. The incidence of such impairment has been reduced by two thirds in the last 30 years. This decline has had little impact, however, because most cases of blindness are due to congenital conditions. The number of cases of acquired blindness is only one fourth that of congenital blindness, which has begun to increase again owing to the reemergence of retinopathy of prematurity.
描述过去30年中确诊的双眼最佳矫正视力为20/200（6/60）或更差的视力受损儿童的眼部异常原因、部位、类型及相关残疾情况。
趋势研究。
1960年1月至1989年12月间被诊断为视力丧失并被转诊进行多学科评估的不列颠哥伦比亚省19岁以下儿童。
在过去30年中，19岁及以下人群中获得性视力损害的发病率从每10,000人0.6降至不足0.2。最常见的原因是遗传因素，其次是肿瘤、损伤、感染和自身免疫性疾病。视神经萎缩和视网膜疾病共同导致了超过90%的眼部病变。性别分布显示男性受影响多于女性。66%的儿童有足够的视力阅读。在过去30年中，总体上患有神经残疾的受影响儿童比例有所增加，因为更多患有严重脑损伤的儿童存活了下来。
获得性视力损害很罕见。在过去30年中，这种损害的发病率降低了三分之二。然而，这种下降影响不大，因为大多数失明病例是由先天性疾病引起的。获得性失明病例数仅为先天性失明病例数的四分之一，由于早产儿视网膜病变的再次出现，先天性失明病例数已开始再次增加。
