Aust G
Beratungsstelle für Hörbehinderte Berlin-Neukölln.
Laryngorhinootologie. 1993 Jan;72(1):9-14. doi: 10.1055/s-2007-997844.
The interactive functions between sensory systems show changes that depend on the development of the growing body. Important conditions for the development of the visual suppression of vestibular evoked nystagmus reactions are the maturation of the visual system, the presence of a functioning vestibular system and close connections between both systems. Response to vestibular, visual and combined vestibular and visual stimulation does not only change during early childhood. We have also learnt from studies of adults of different ages that there are characteristic changes in nystagmus reactions to vestibular stimulation, in optokinetic reactions and in vestibular-spinal functions during the whole period of life. 272 randomly selected neuro-otologic routine patients aged between one year and four months and eighty-eight years and ten months were included in the study to analyse age-related changes of visual suppression during rotatory stimulation. The rotatory stimulation consisted of an sinusoidal stimulus pattern with amplitudes of +/- 180 degrees and a period duration of 20s. The vestibular stimulation was performed in total darkness and with a visual target which was attached to the chair in front of the patient's eyes. The results of this study demonstrate that the amplitudes of nystagmus reactions, evoked by sinusoidal harmonic acceleration, can be quantitatively suppressed by visual fixation. The degree of suppression depends on age. The fixation indices provide the ability to measure the degree of this suppression in percent. The trend to better fixation suppression increases up to the end of the age of forty. The ability to suppress vestibular nystagmus decreases, however, after reaching the fortieth year of life. The analysis of smooth pursuit shows after the sixtieth year of life a continuous rise in the number of saccades with increasing age. These changes are caused by aging processes in cerebral tissues which lead to functional changes e.g. in the interactive functions between sensory systems.
感觉系统之间的交互功能呈现出依赖于成长中身体发育的变化。视觉抑制前庭诱发眼震反应发育的重要条件是视觉系统的成熟、功能性前庭系统的存在以及两个系统之间的紧密连接。对前庭、视觉以及前庭与视觉联合刺激的反应不仅在幼儿期会发生变化。我们还从对不同年龄段成年人的研究中了解到，在整个生命过程中，眼震反应、视动反应和前庭 - 脊髓功能对前庭刺激都有特征性变化。本研究纳入了272名年龄在1岁4个月至88岁10个月之间随机选取的神经耳科常规患者，以分析旋转刺激期间视觉抑制的年龄相关变化。旋转刺激由振幅为±180度、周期持续时间为20秒的正弦刺激模式组成。前庭刺激在完全黑暗中进行，并带有一个附着在患者眼前椅子上的视觉目标。这项研究的结果表明，正弦谐波加速度诱发的眼震反应振幅可通过视觉注视进行定量抑制。抑制程度取决于年龄。注视指数提供了以百分比衡量这种抑制程度的能力。在40岁之前，注视抑制改善的趋势会增加。然而，在达到40岁之后，抑制前庭眼震的能力会下降。对平稳跟踪的分析表明，在60岁之后，随着年龄增长，扫视次数持续增加。这些变化是由脑组织的衰老过程引起的，这些过程导致了功能变化，例如感觉系统之间的交互功能变化。
