Powers D C, Belshe R B
Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, St. Louis VA Medical Center, MO 63125.
J Infect Dis. 1993 Mar;167(3):584-92. doi: 10.1093/infdis/167.3.584.
Healthy seropositive adults aged < 40 (n = 15), 40-64 (n = 15), and > or = 65 (n = 17) years were parenterally immunized with trivalent subvirion influenza virus vaccine, and their cellular and humoral immune responses were compared. Vaccination resulted in a significant enhancement of class I human leukocyte antigen-restricted influenza A cross-reactive cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) memory. Elderly subjects had significantly lower baseline and peak postvaccination mean percentages of specific lysis of influenza A virus-infected autologous targets but nonetheless mounted CTL responses to vaccine that were comparable in magnitude to those of younger adults. Serologic responses and nasal IgG responses to each of 3 vaccine strains were reduced in magnitude and frequency with advancing age. Parenteral immunization was ineffective at inducing nasal wash IgA antibodies. Between 2 and 12 weeks after vaccination, serum and nasal antibody titers decreased modestly, although the rate of decline was comparable between age groups. The ability of elderly adults to mount CTL responses after influenza vaccination suggests that T cell effector mechanisms may be an important determinant of vaccine-induced protection against serious illness in this age group.
年龄小于40岁（n = 15）、40 - 64岁（n = 15）以及大于或等于65岁（n = 17）的健康血清学阳性成年人接受了三价亚病毒颗粒流感病毒疫苗的肠胃外免疫，并比较了他们的细胞免疫和体液免疫反应。接种疫苗导致I类人类白细胞抗原限制的甲型流感交叉反应性细胞毒性T淋巴细胞（CTL）记忆显著增强。老年受试者的甲型流感病毒感染自体靶标的特异性裂解的基线和接种后峰值平均百分比显著较低，但尽管如此，他们对疫苗产生的CTL反应在幅度上与年轻成年人相当。随着年龄的增长，对3种疫苗株中每种的血清学反应和鼻腔IgG反应在幅度和频率上均降低。肠胃外免疫在诱导鼻腔冲洗液IgA抗体方面无效。接种疫苗后2至12周内，血清和鼻腔抗体滴度适度下降，尽管各年龄组的下降速率相当。老年人在流感疫苗接种后产生CTL反应的能力表明，T细胞效应机制可能是该年龄组疫苗诱导的针对严重疾病的保护作用的重要决定因素。
