Clements M L, Murphy B R
J Clin Microbiol. 1986 Jan;23(1):66-72. doi: 10.1128/jcm.23.1.66-72.1986.
An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to measure nasal-wash and serum isotype-specific hemagglutinin antibody responses in 109 seronegative (hemagglutination-inhibiting titer less than or equal to 1:8) adults vaccinated intranasally with live attenuated A/Washington/897/80 (H3N2) or A/California/10/78 (H1N1) cold-adapted (ca) virus or with licensed subvirion vaccine subcutaneously. Live and inactivated virus elicited serum immunoglobulin A (IgA) responses in 83 and 96% of vaccinees, respectively, and elicited serum IgG responses in 72 and 100% of vaccinees. Inactivated virus induced higher titers of serum antibodies than did live virus and stimulated a nasal-wash IgG response more often than did live virus (94 versus 59%, P less than 0.01). In contrast, only 38% of inactivated virus vaccinees had local IgA responses compared with 83% of live virus vaccinees. Serum IgA and IgG and nasal IgG antibody titers remained elevated above prevaccination levels for at least 6 months in most of the live and inactivated vaccine responders, but the mean level of local IgA antibody induced by infection with live virus vaccine, in particular, decreased substantially. Considered in the context of previous work, the finding that live virus vaccine induced relatively long-lasting antibody in both local and serum compartments suggested that this vaccine may be a suitable alternative to inactivated vaccine for use in healthy persons.
采用酶联免疫吸附测定法，检测了109名血清阴性（血凝抑制效价小于或等于1:8）的成年人的鼻洗液和血清中同型特异性血凝素抗体反应。这些成年人分别经鼻内接种减毒活A/华盛顿/897/80（H3N2）或A/加利福尼亚/10/78（H1N1）冷适应（ca）病毒，或经皮下接种已获许可的亚病毒颗粒疫苗。活病毒和灭活病毒分别在83%和96%的接种者中引发了血清免疫球蛋白A（IgA）反应，在72%和100%的接种者中引发了血清IgG反应。灭活病毒诱导的血清抗体滴度高于活病毒，且比活病毒更常刺激鼻洗液IgG反应（94%对59%，P<0.01）。相比之下，只有38%的灭活病毒接种者有局部IgA反应，而活病毒接种者的这一比例为83%。在大多数活病毒和灭活疫苗应答者中，血清IgA和IgG以及鼻洗液IgG抗体滴度在至少6个月内保持高于接种前水平，但特别是活病毒疫苗感染诱导的局部IgA抗体平均水平大幅下降。结合之前的研究工作来看，活病毒疫苗在局部和血清中均诱导产生相对持久抗体这一发现表明，对于健康人群，这种疫苗可能是灭活疫苗的合适替代品。
