Shellabarger S G, Thompson T L
Neonatal Netw. 1993 Mar;12(2):39-45.
The parental stresses caused by a premature birth and the NICU experience may create problems in the parent-child relationship. These problems may lead to subsequent difficulty in bonding or parenting, and may even be related to child neglect and abuse. The NICU staff is in a unique position to help minimize parental stress by providing information, support, and understanding to facilitate coping with fear and uncertainty. Parents need help in adjusting their expectations to reality, especially during the early days in the NICU. While the mother is still hospitalized, the father is in an especially vulnerable position, as he may be unprepared to be a primary caregiver, threatened by the female staff, and expected to assume a focal role while he may need comfort himself. Information that is most helpful to parents is that which helps return some control to them. Involving parents in the child's caregiving and in decision making also helps increase parental feelings of control and decrease feelings of stress. Attention should be paid to the questions and nonverbal communication of the parents to ascertain when communication is especially important. Key times during which communication is typically crucial are identified.
早产及新生儿重症监护病房（NICU）经历给父母带来的压力可能会导致亲子关系出现问题。这些问题可能会导致后续在建立情感联系或育儿方面出现困难，甚至可能与忽视和虐待儿童有关。NICU的工作人员处于独特的位置，能够通过提供信息、支持和理解来帮助减轻父母的压力，以促进他们应对恐惧和不确定性。父母需要帮助来调整他们的期望以符合现实，尤其是在NICU的最初几天。当母亲仍住院时，父亲处于特别脆弱的境地，因为他可能没有准备好成为主要照顾者，受到女性工作人员的威胁，并且在自己可能需要安慰的时候却被期望承担核心角色。对父母最有帮助的信息是那些能让他们重新获得一些掌控感的信息。让父母参与孩子的护理和决策也有助于增强父母的掌控感并减轻压力感。应该关注父母的问题和非语言交流，以确定何时沟通尤为重要。确定了沟通通常至关重要的关键时期。
