Bunk D, Eggers C
Rheinische Landes- u. Hochschul-Klinik, Klinik für Kinder- u. Jugendpsychiatrie, Essen.
Fortschr Neurol Psychiatr. 1993 Feb;61(2):38-45. doi: 10.1055/s-2007-999074.
This study focuses on psychiatric disorders following extreme traumatisation experienced by children born during the Holocaust in World War II. According to numerous epidemiological investigations and case studies on survivors who lived through the Holocaust as children or in adulthood, these traumatic experiences are associated with a higher risk for various psychiatric disturbances during the entire life span. Besides the extreme psychological and physical distress during persecution and following traumatisation (parent-child-separation, discrimination while living in other countries) the coping with the trauma and the development of autonomy and ego-strength is additionally impaired by the specific psychodynamics of families with psychologically altered and disturbed parents.
What sort of psychodynamic parent-child relationships developed during traumatisation and after the war in subjects currently suffering from chronic impairment of mental health?
Retrospective analysis of 22 cases with applications for pensions of invalids evaluated by diagnostic categories.
The implicit pressure on the children to be sensitive to the needs of their deprived parents places a sense of guilt on their attempts to develop autonomy. The parents were experienced as restrictive or overprotective on the one hand or liable to be rejected or to be intolerant on the other. The suffering and trauma continues to be perceived in family communication to the extent that coping with loss of relatives and the development of independence are impaired.
The results are discussed critically in terms of current procedures for expertise on pension applications.
本研究聚焦于二战大屠杀期间出生的儿童经历极端创伤后出现的精神障碍。根据众多针对儿童或成年时经历过大屠杀的幸存者的流行病学调查和案例研究，这些创伤经历与整个生命周期中出现各种精神障碍的较高风险相关。除了迫害期间以及创伤后（亲子分离、在其他国家生活时遭受歧视）极端的心理和身体痛苦之外，父母心理改变和紊乱的家庭的特定心理动力学还进一步损害了应对创伤以及自主性和自我力量的发展。
在目前患有慢性心理健康损害的受试者中，创伤期间及战后形成了何种心理动力学亲子关系？
对22例申请伤残抚恤金的病例进行回顾性分析，并按诊断类别进行评估。
孩子们内心存在着要对贫困父母的需求保持敏感的压力，这使他们在尝试发展自主性时产生了内疚感。父母一方面被体验为具有限制性或过度保护，另一方面又容易被拒绝或不宽容。在家庭交流中，痛苦和创伤仍被感知到，以至于应对亲人离世和独立发展都受到了损害。
根据目前伤残抚恤金申请专业鉴定程序对研究结果进行了批判性讨论。
