Maldonado J L
Int J Psychoanal. 1993 Feb;74 ( Pt 1):93-100.
This paper discusses the problem of ambiguity as a form of narcissistic resistance that alters the meaning of words and hinders communication and access to the unconscious. The ego uses ambiguity to avoid and project confusion. Pathological ambiguity is differentiated from other forms of ambiguity which do not hinder communication. Though they share a common element--oscillation between two opposites--the mechanism involved in this form of ambiguity differs from the mechanism involved in thought processes, ambivalence and metaphor. Two examples are used to investigate the problem of ideals and ego splitting. Ambiguity corresponds to a disorder whereby two contradictory ideals co-exist within the ego ideal. One ideal fixes the discovery of the unconscious as a goal. The other ideal over-values acting out. The result is that the ego tends to obtain self-esteem through goals that lead to error and it is this quest for error that sustains the feeling of omnipotence.
本文探讨了模糊性这一作为自恋阻抗形式的问题，它改变词语的意义，阻碍交流以及对无意识的触及。自我利用模糊性来避免和投射困惑。病理性模糊性与其他不阻碍交流的模糊性形式相区分。尽管它们有一个共同要素——在两个对立面之间摆动——但这种模糊性形式所涉及的机制不同于思维过程、矛盾情感和隐喻所涉及的机制。文中用两个例子来研究理想和自我分裂的问题。模糊性对应于一种紊乱，即两个相互矛盾的理想共存于自我理想之中。一个理想将发现无意识设定为目标。另一个理想则过度重视付诸行动。结果是自我倾向于通过导致错误的目标来获得自尊，而正是这种对错误的追求维持了全能感。
