Lee L A, Threatt V L, Puhr N D, Levine P, Ferris K, Tauxe R V
Enteric Diseases Branch, Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta, GA 30333.
J Am Vet Med Assoc. 1993 Mar 1;202(5):752-5.
Of 105 Salmonella organisms of any serotype selected from a sample of 1,824 serotyped salmonellae isolated during a nationwide bacteriologic survey of healthy broiler chickens after slaughter, 60 (57%) were resistant to 1 or more antimicrobial agents and 47 (45%) were resistant to 2 or more agents. Highest resistance was to tetracycline (45%), streptomycin (41%), sulfisoxazole (19%), gentamicin (10%), and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (8%). Additional isolates of S typhimurium, heidelberg, agona, and enteritidis were selected from the sample of 1,824 isolates for testing because of the high frequency with which these 4 serotypes are isolated from human patients. The highest frequency of resistance among 104 isolates of S heidelberg, 92 isolates of S typhimurium, and 30 isolates of S agona was to streptomycin (33 to 57%), sulfisoxazole (33 to 50%), tetracycline (26 to 50%), and gentamicin (13 to 40%); 51 to 63% of these isolates were resistant to 1 or more agents and 37 to 59% were resistant to 2 or more agents. Resistance to ampicillin among these 3 serotypes was uncommon (0 to 4%). In contrast, 15 of 19 tested isolates (79%) of S enteritidis were resistant to ampicillin and 13 of the 19 isolates (68%) were resistant only to ampicillin. This pattern of resistance was associated with a specific bacteriophage type and indicated the potential role of bacterial clones in determining the frequency and patterns of antimicrobial resistance in populations of broiler chickens. Resistance to gentamicin and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole was higher than that previously reported and is of public health concern because of the frequency with which these drugs are used to treat bacterial infections in human patients.
在一项对屠宰后的健康肉鸡进行的全国性细菌学调查中，从1824株已分型的沙门氏菌样本中选取了105株任何血清型的沙门氏菌，其中60株（57%）对1种或更多抗菌药物耐药，47株（45%）对2种或更多药物耐药。耐药率最高的是四环素（45%）、链霉素（41%）、磺胺异恶唑（19%）、庆大霉素（10%）和甲氧苄啶/磺胺甲恶唑（8%）。由于从人类患者中分离出这4种血清型的频率较高，因此从1824株分离株的样本中又选取了鼠伤寒沙门氏菌、海德堡沙门氏菌、阿哥纳沙门氏菌和肠炎沙门氏菌的额外分离株进行检测。在104株海德堡沙门氏菌、92株鼠伤寒沙门氏菌和30株阿哥纳沙门氏菌分离株中，耐药率最高的是链霉素（33%至57%）、磺胺异恶唑（33%至50%）、四环素（26%至50%）和庆大霉素（13%至40%）；这些分离株中有51%至63%对1种或更多药物耐药，37%至59%对2种或更多药物耐药。这3种血清型对氨苄西林的耐药情况不常见（0至4%）。相比之下，19株肠炎沙门氏菌检测分离株中有15株（79%）对氨苄西林耐药，19株中有13株（68%）仅对氨苄西林耐药。这种耐药模式与一种特定的噬菌体类型相关，表明细菌克隆在决定肉鸡群体中抗菌药物耐药频率和模式方面的潜在作用。对庆大霉素和甲氧苄啶/磺胺甲恶唑的耐药率高于先前报道的水平，由于这些药物在治疗人类患者细菌感染中的使用频率，这一情况引起了公共卫生方面的关注。
