Frensch P A, Geary D C
Department of Psychology, University of Missouri, Columbia 65211.
J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn. 1993 Mar;19(2):433-56. doi: 10.1037//0278-7393.19.2.433.
Two experiments examined the effects of task practice on the speed of executing the component processes underlying the mental solution of complex addition problems. Componential analyses of Ss' response times in Experiment 1 demonstrated that the component process of carrying was reliably affected by amount of task practice. In contrast, the component processes of encoding single digits and of retrieving correct columnar answers from long-term memory appeared not to have been affected by amount of task practice. Computational feasibility checks indicated that the specificity of the practice effects could be explained by 2 distinct learning mechanisms: strengthening and composition. Results of Experiments 2A and 2B favor a composition explanation. We conclude that the differential practice effects in Experiment 1 are probably due to differential composition of component processes underlying complex mental addition.
两项实验研究了任务练习对执行复杂加法问题心算背后组成过程的速度的影响。实验1中对被试反应时间的成分分析表明，进位的组成过程确实受到任务练习量的影响。相比之下，对单个数字进行编码以及从长期记忆中检索正确的列答案的组成过程似乎并未受到任务练习量的影响。计算可行性检查表明，练习效果的特异性可以由两种不同的学习机制来解释：强化和组合。实验2A和2B的结果支持组合解释。我们得出结论，实验1中的不同练习效果可能是由于复杂心算背后组成过程的不同组合。
