Cabrita Ana R J, Valente Inês M, Monteiro André, Sousa Carla, Miranda Carla, Almeida Agostinho, Cortez Paulo P, Castro Carlos, Maia Margarida R G, Trindade Henrique, Fonseca António J M
REQUIMTE, LAQV, ICBAS, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal.
REQUIMTE, LAQV, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre 687, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal.
Heliyon. 2024 Mar 27;10(7):e28790. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28790. eCollection 2024 Apr 15.
The identification of crops that simultaneously contribute to the global protein supply and mitigate the effects of climate change is an urgent matter. Lupins are well adapted to nutrient-poor or contaminated soils, tolerate various abiotic stresses, and present relevant traits for acting as ecosystem engineers. Lupins are best studied for their seeds, but their full foraging potential needs further evaluation. This study evaluated the effects of location and sowing date on forage production, proximate composition, and the detailed mineral and alkaloid profiles of three species of ( cv. Estoril, cv. Tango, and cv. Cardiga). Sowing date and location and their interaction with the plant species significantly affected the vast majority of measured parameters, emphasizing the effects of climate and soil conditions on these crops. The relatively high crude protein and digestibility support the potential of the lupin species studied as sustainable forage protein sources in diets for ruminant animals. The content of individual essential macro and trace elements was below the maximum tolerable levels for cattle and sheep. Lupanine, smipine, and sparteine were the most abundant quinolizidine alkaloids in cv. Estoril, lupanine, and sparteine in cv. Tango, and lupinine, gramine, ammodendrine, and sparteine in cv. Cardiga. Based on the maximum tolerable levels of total quinolizidine alkaloid intake, the dietary inclusion of forages of cv. Estoril and . cv. Tango does not pose a risk to the animals, but the high alkaloid content of cv. Cardiga may compromise its utilization at high levels in the diet. Overall, the results reveal a high potential for lupins as protein forage sources well adapted to temperate regions and soils with lower fertility, with a relevant impact on livestock sustainability in a climate change era.
识别既能为全球蛋白质供应做出贡献又能减轻气候变化影响的作物是当务之急。羽扇豆能很好地适应贫瘠或受污染的土壤，耐受各种非生物胁迫，并具有作为生态系统工程师的相关特性。人们对羽扇豆种子的研究最多，但其全部饲用潜力仍需进一步评估。本研究评估了种植地点和播种日期对三种羽扇豆（埃斯托里尔品种、探戈品种和卡迪加品种）的牧草产量、近似成分以及详细的矿物质和生物碱谱的影响。播种日期、种植地点及其与植物品种的相互作用对绝大多数测量参数有显著影响，突出了气候和土壤条件对这些作物的影响。相对较高的粗蛋白含量和消化率支持了所研究的羽扇豆品种作为反刍动物日粮中可持续饲用蛋白质来源的潜力。个别必需常量和微量元素的含量低于牛和羊的最大耐受水平。在埃斯托里尔品种中，羽扇豆碱、鹰爪豆碱和金雀花碱是最丰富的喹诺里西啶生物碱；在探戈品种中，是羽扇豆碱和金雀花碱；在卡迪加品种中，是羽扇豆宁、禾本科碱、砂引草碱和金雀花碱。根据喹诺里西啶生物碱总摄入量的最大耐受水平，在日粮中添加埃斯托里尔品种和探戈品种的牧草对动物没有风险，但卡迪加品种的高生物碱含量可能会影响其在日粮中高比例使用。总体而言，研究结果表明羽扇豆作为蛋白质饲料来源具有很大潜力，能很好地适应温带地区和肥力较低的土壤，对气候变化时代的畜牧业可持续性有重要影响。
