Arnaud C D
Program in Osteoporosis and Bone Biology, University of California, San Francisco.
Osteoporos Int. 1993;3 Suppl 1:37-9. doi: 10.1007/BF01621859.
Estrogen deficiency is the major determinant of increased bone resorption and bone loss occurring in early menopause (first 5-6 years). The increased bone resorption is probably caused by the release of immune system cytokines such as IL-1, IL-6 and TNF by osteoblasts, the biosynthesis of which is no longer suppressed by estrogen. PTH secretion, although decreased in early menopause, may also contribute to increased bone destruction because of the presence of cytokines such as IL-1 and TNF which increase the sensitivity of bone to the resorptive effects of PTH. For the same reasons, the bone-destructive effects of increased serum levels of PTH occurring in the late menopause may be exaggerated.
雌激素缺乏是绝经早期（最初5 - 6年）骨吸收增加和骨质流失的主要决定因素。骨吸收增加可能是由成骨细胞释放免疫系统细胞因子如白细胞介素 - 1、白细胞介素 - 6和肿瘤坏死因子所致，这些细胞因子的生物合成不再受雌激素抑制。甲状旁腺激素（PTH）分泌在绝经早期虽有所下降，但由于存在白细胞介素 - 1和肿瘤坏死因子等细胞因子，它们会增加骨骼对PTH吸收作用的敏感性，所以也可能导致骨破坏增加。出于同样的原因，绝经后期血清PTH水平升高所产生的骨破坏作用可能会被放大。
