Shi L
Department of Health Administration, School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia 29208.
Public Health Rep. 1993 Mar-Apr;108(2):204-11.
Back-related injuries have become a major health problem in the workplace, affecting as many as 35 percent of the work force and accounting for about 25 percent of all compensation claims. This study evaluates a back injury prevention program among employees in a northern California county in 1989-90. Six divisions of the county government were selected for the study because they had the highest prevalence of back pain experienced and the most back-related injuries in recent years. Four of the six divisions were randomly selected as the intervention group and the remaining two, the control group. Overall, 77 percent or 205 of the targeted employees in the intervention group participated in the study. The intervention group was given an identical health risk assessment (HRA) before and after the 1-year back injury prevention program that offered employees a combination of education, training, physical fitness activities, and ergonomic improvement. The control group was neither given the HRA nor offered the program. The back injury and cost data of both the control and intervention groups were collected before and after the 1-year intervention. The results showed a modest overall decline in back pain prevalence rates, but significant improvement in satisfaction and reduction in risky behaviors. Cost-benefit analysis showed the net benefit of introducing back injury prevention program was $161,108, and the return on investment is 179 percent. Therefore, the study offers suggestive evidence for the initial benefits of a back injury prevention program and lends support to the widely held belief that health promotion in the workplace can reduce employee health risks, increase healthful behaviors and attitudes, and improve attitudes toward the employer organization.Whether such intervention will continue to reap benefits in future years depends, to a large extent,on a favorable work environment and the maintenance and continuation of positive behavioral changes.
背部相关损伤已成为职场中的一个主要健康问题，影响着多达35%的劳动力，约占所有赔偿索赔的25%。本研究评估了1989 - 1990年加利福尼亚州北部一个县的员工背部损伤预防项目。县政府的六个部门被选入该研究，因为它们近年来背痛发生率最高且背部相关损伤最多。六个部门中的四个被随机选为干预组，其余两个为对照组。总体而言，干预组中有77%（即205名）的目标员工参与了研究。在为期1年的背部损伤预防项目前后，干预组的员工都接受了相同的健康风险评估（HRA），该项目为员工提供了教育、培训、健身活动和工效学改善等综合措施。对照组既未接受HRA，也未参与该项目。在为期1年的干预前后，收集了对照组和干预组的背部损伤及成本数据。结果显示，背痛患病率总体略有下降，但满意度显著提高，危险行为减少。成本效益分析表明，引入背部损伤预防项目的净收益为美元，投资回报率为179%。因此，该研究为背部损伤预防项目的初步益处提供了有启发性的证据，支持了一种广泛持有的观点，即职场中的健康促进可以降低员工健康风险，增加健康行为和态度，并改善对雇主组织的态度。这种干预在未来几年是否会继续带来益处，在很大程度上取决于良好的工作环境以及积极行为改变的维持和延续。 161,108
