Baddeley A, Emslie H, Nimmo-Smith I
MRC Applied Psychology Unit, Cambridge, UK.
Br J Clin Psychol. 1993 Feb;32(1):55-65. doi: 10.1111/j.2044-8260.1993.tb01027.x.
The development of a test aimed at estimating premorbid intelligence is described. The test, Spot-the-Word, involves presenting the subject with pairs of items comprising one word and one non-word, and requiring the subject to identify the word. Data show that performance correlates highly with verbal intelligence as estimated by Mill Hill Vocabulary score and by performance on the National Adult Reading Test (NART). Performance does not decline with age, in contrast to an associated test of verbal recognition memory. A second study attempted to test the effect of intellectual deterioration due to age on Spot-the-Word performance. Elderly subjects who had high vocabulary scores scored well on the Spot-the-Word regardless of whether fluid intelligence as measured by the AH4 test was well preserved, or was low, implying intellectual deterioration. A final study collected normative data on a sample of 224 subjects stratified by age and socio-economic status, with each subject performing two parallel forms of the test, A and B, together with the NART. Correlation between the two forms was .884, while correlation with NART was .831 for Form A and .859 for Form B, suggesting adequate reliability and validity. It is concluded that the test provides a potentially useful additional method of estimating premorbid intelligence.
本文描述了一项旨在评估病前智力的测试的开发情况。该测试名为“找出单词”，要求受试者从由一个单词和一个非单词组成的配对项目中识别出单词。数据表明，测试成绩与米尔希尔词汇分数以及国家成人阅读测试（NART）成绩所估算的言语智力高度相关。与相关的言语识别记忆测试不同，该测试成绩不会随年龄下降。第二项研究试图测试年龄导致的智力衰退对“找出单词”测试成绩的影响。词汇分数高的老年受试者在“找出单词”测试中表现良好，无论用AH4测试测量的流体智力是保存完好还是较低，这意味着存在智力衰退。最后一项研究收集了224名按年龄和社会经济地位分层的受试者的常模数据，每位受试者都进行了该测试的两种平行形式A和B，以及NART测试。两种形式之间的相关性为0.884，与NART的相关性，形式A为0.831，形式B为0.859，表明具有足够的信度和效度。结论是，该测试为评估病前智力提供了一种潜在有用的额外方法。
