Arredondo-Jiménez J I, Loyola E G, Rodríguez M H, Danis-Lozano R, Fuentes G, Villarreal C
Centro de Investigación de Paludismo, Dirección General de Epidemiología, Secretaría de Salud, México.
Salud Publica Mex. 1993 Jan-Feb;35(1):27-38.
A comparative regional-scale evaluation of the epidemiological impact of low volume (LV) spray of bendiocarb and the conventional spray of DDT against malaria in an endemic area of northern Chiapas was carried out. Three Anopheline species were found: Anopheles pseudopunctipennis, An. albinanus and An. argyritarsis. The most prevalent was An. pseudopunctipennis, a species we suspect may be involved in the transmission of most malaria cases. This species showed high levels of resistance to DDT. However, this insecticide had a long residual effect in wall bioassays, with mortalities > or = 95 per cent for up to 21 weeks in wood, sticks and plaster. Susceptibility to bendiocarb was total, and mortality to LV bendiocarb was > or = 75 per cent for up to 16 weeks in wood, sticks and straw. Very low numbers of mosquitoes were found throughout the evaluation, although malaria transmission continued in control villages (sprayed with DDT), as well as treated villages (sprayed with LV bendiocarb). No plasmodium infected mosquitoes were found, perhaps due to a very small sample size. The LV spray methodology was found to be 1.7 times more effective than conventional spraying in reducing malaria incidence. A net reduction of 1.6 times in insecticide application time was also found, which would allow spraying at the right time, especially when urgent control measures have to be applied, such as in malaria outbreaks. Finally, the new methodology costs 2.2 times more than the conventional ddt spraying, but if the potential of using spray workers in other activities is considered, costs would be comparable to those of DDT spraying.
在恰帕斯州北部的一个疟疾流行地区，开展了一项关于残杀威低容量（LV）喷雾与滴滴涕常规喷雾对疟疾流行病学影响的区域规模比较评估。发现了三种按蚊：伪点按蚊、阿尔氏按蚊和银足按蚊。最常见的是伪点按蚊，我们怀疑该物种可能参与了大多数疟疾病例的传播。该物种对滴滴涕表现出高度抗性。然而，这种杀虫剂在墙壁生物测定中具有长期残留效应，在木材、树枝和灰泥上，长达21周的死亡率≥95%。对残杀威完全敏感，在木材、树枝和稻草上，残杀威低容量喷雾长达16周的死亡率≥75%。在整个评估过程中发现的蚊子数量非常少，尽管在对照村庄（喷洒滴滴涕）以及处理过的村庄（喷洒残杀威低容量喷雾）中疟疾传播仍在继续。未发现感染疟原虫的蚊子，这可能是由于样本量非常小。发现低容量喷雾方法在降低疟疾发病率方面比传统喷雾有效1.7倍。还发现杀虫剂施用时间净减少了1.6倍，这将允许在合适的时间进行喷雾，特别是在必须采取紧急控制措施时，例如在疟疾暴发期间。最后，新方法的成本比传统滴滴涕喷雾高2.2倍，但如果考虑到喷雾工人参与其他活动的潜力，成本将与滴滴涕喷雾相当。
