Yap M, Mascord D J, Starmer G A, Whitfield J B
Department of Pharmacology, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia.
Alcohol Alcohol. 1993 Jan;28(1):17-24.
Male subjects (n = 10) were given ethanol (0.75 g/kg) at four equally spaced times in the 24 hr cycle (9 am, 3 pm, 9 pm 3 am) in random order. Blood ethanol concentrations were monitored by breath analysis and measurements were made of the blood or plasma levels of ethanol, acetaldehyde, acetate, pyruvate, lactate and cortisol. Blood pressure, heart rate and body temperature were measured before and at 60 and 120 min after ethanol administration and the effects of ethanol on a number of behavioural parameters and mood were studied. After ethanol ingestion, there was a significant decrease in body temperature, systolic blood pressure, plasma cortisol and pyruvate levels, whilst acetate levels and the lactate:pyruvate ratio were significantly increased. Standing steadiness, critical flicker fusion threshold and divided attention tracking control were significantly impaired under ethanol and self-report data indicated a significant decrease in alertness, co-ordination, concentration and attentiveness. Although a significantly higher peak blood ethanol concentration was attained at the 9 am session, other time-of-day differences did not reach significance and the pharmacokinetics of ethanol were essentially unchanged. Since the only significant diurnal variations in the response to ethanol identified in this study (apart from the subjective results) were for plasma cortisol concentrations and body temperature (both of which are well known to exhibit diurnal rhythmicity), it appears that major circadian variability in the metabolic and/or behavioural effects of ethanol is unlikely to occur.
10名男性受试者在24小时周期内（上午9点、下午3点、晚上9点、凌晨3点）以随机顺序在四个等间隔时间给予乙醇（0.75克/千克）。通过呼气分析监测血液乙醇浓度，并测量血液或血浆中的乙醇、乙醛、乙酸盐、丙酮酸、乳酸和皮质醇水平。在给予乙醇前以及给药后60分钟和120分钟测量血压、心率和体温，并研究乙醇对一些行为参数和情绪的影响。摄入乙醇后，体温、收缩压、血浆皮质醇和丙酮酸水平显著下降，而乙酸盐水平以及乳酸：丙酮酸比值显著升高。乙醇作用下，站立稳定性、临界闪烁融合阈值和注意力分散追踪控制显著受损，自我报告数据表明警觉性、协调性、注意力集中程度和专注度显著下降。尽管上午9点那次给药时达到了显著更高的血液乙醇浓度峰值，但一天中其他时间的差异未达到显著水平，乙醇的药代动力学基本未变。由于本研究中确定的对乙醇反应的唯一显著昼夜变化（除主观结果外）是血浆皮质醇浓度和体温（两者均已知表现出昼夜节律性），因此乙醇的代谢和/或行为效应似乎不太可能出现主要的昼夜变异性。
