Hays R B, McKusick L, Pollack L, Hilliard R, Hoff C, Coates T J
Center for AIDS Prevention Studies, University of California, San Francisco 94105.
AIDS. 1993 Mar;7(3):425-31. doi: 10.1097/00002030-199303000-00019.
To examine gay men's patterns of self-disclosure of HIV seropositivity to friends, lovers, relatives and colleagues; to assess the effects of disclosure; and to identify reasons for not disclosing to particular individuals.
Longitudinal questionnaire survey of gay men.
A total of 163 HIV-positive men participating in the AIDS Behavioral Research Project, a longitudinal study of San Francisco gay men, completed questionnaires about their self-disclosure patterns, health status, and psychological well-being.
HIV-positive men were most likely to disclose their status to lovers and closest gay friends. Asymptomatic men were less likely to disclose to relatives and colleagues than symptomatic men. Friends and lovers were rated as responding more helpfully than relatives and colleagues. Men who perceived their significant others as responding more helpfully were less depressed and anxious currently and 1 year later. A variety of reasons were given for not disclosing, including not wanting to worry others, fear of discrimination, fear of disrupting relationships, and emotional self-protection.
While disclosure can have advantages for both HIV-positive individuals and their significant others, HIV-positive individuals must be assured that the benefits of doing so will outweigh the potential costs.
研究男同性恋者向朋友、恋人、亲属及同事自我披露HIV血清阳性状况的模式；评估披露的影响；并确定不向特定个体披露的原因。
对男同性恋者进行纵向问卷调查。
共有163名参与艾滋病行为研究项目（一项对旧金山男同性恋者的纵向研究）的HIV阳性男性完成了关于他们自我披露模式、健康状况和心理健康的问卷。
HIV阳性男性最有可能向恋人及最亲密的男同性恋朋友披露自己的状况。无症状男性向亲属和同事披露的可能性低于有症状的男性。朋友和恋人被认为比亲属和同事的反应更有帮助。认为重要他人反应更有帮助的男性目前及1年后的抑郁和焦虑程度较低。不披露的原因有多种，包括不想让他人担心、害怕歧视、害怕破坏关系以及情感自我保护。
虽然披露对HIV阳性个体及其重要他人都可能有好处，但必须确保HIV阳性个体这样做的好处将超过潜在成本。
