Marks G, Bundek N I, Richardson J L, Ruiz M S, Maldonado N, Mason H R
Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles 90033.
Health Psychol. 1992;11(5):300-6. doi: 10.1037//0278-6133.11.5.300.
We examined self-disclosure of HIV infection among 101 seropositive Hispanic men residing in Los Angeles. Results indicated that disclosure was highly selective and presumably influenced by the social, psychological, and material consequences of informing others about one's medical condition. Subjects tended to inform significant others such as parents, friends, and lovers than less significant others such as employers, landlords, and religious leaders. There was a relatively high rate of disclosure (75%) to doctors/dentists who were not treating subjects for HIV infection. Gay and bisexual subjects (89% of the sample) were more inclined to disclose their HIV serostatus to homosexual or bisexual others than to heterosexuals and to inform those who were aware of their sexual orientation. Disclosure increased with severity of disease independently of length of time since testing seropositive. Self-rated negative changes in appearance correlated with disclosure to less significant others. The role of cultural attitudes and values in self-disclosure of HIV infection is discussed.
我们调查了居住在洛杉矶的101名呈HIV阳性的西班牙裔男性中HIV感染情况的自我披露。结果表明，披露具有高度选择性，并且可能受到向他人透露自身病情的社会、心理和物质后果的影响。与向雇主、房东和宗教领袖等不太重要的他人透露相比，受试者更倾向于向父母、朋友和恋人等重要他人透露。向未治疗HIV感染受试者的医生/牙医披露的比例相对较高（75%）。男同性恋和双性恋受试者（占样本的89%）比向异性恋者更倾向于向同性恋或双性恋他人透露其HIV血清学状态，并告知那些知晓其性取向的人。疾病严重程度越高，披露情况越多，与血清学呈阳性检测后的时间长度无关。自我评定的外貌负面变化与向不太重要的他人披露情况相关。文中讨论了文化态度和价值观在HIV感染自我披露中的作用。
