Eversley R B, Newstetter A, Avins A, Beirnes D, Haynes-Sanstad K, Hearst N
Center for AIDS Prevention Studies, University of California, San Francisco 94105.
Am J Prev Med. 1993 Mar-Apr;9(2):92-5.
Little is known about the relationship among having risks for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, perceiving oneself at risk, and initiating risk reduction for young sexually active women. We surveyed a multiethnic sample of 267 young-adult female family planning clients attending Planned Parenthood clinics to determine these relationships. Perceiving oneself at risk was significantly associated with having sex outside of a primary relationship in the past year, with having five or more sexual partners in the last five years, and with having a primary partner who has other partners. We found no significant relationship between perceiving oneself at risk and adopting risk-reduction strategies, such as inquiring about a partner's risks or using condoms. These data suggest that the women in this population may be overly optimistic about their invulnerability to HIV. While those women who perceived themselves to be at risk for becoming sexually infected with HIV were more likely to report high-risk behaviors, perception of risk did not motivate these women to adopt low-risk behavior. These data suggest that simple HIV education and acknowledgement may have little effect on reducing exposure to HIV among the women in this population. Alternative strategies for reducing risk must be explored.
对于性活跃的年轻女性而言，人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）感染风险、自我风险认知以及采取降低风险措施之间的关系鲜为人知。我们对计划生育诊所的267名不同种族的年轻成年女性计划生育服务对象进行了调查，以确定这些关系。自我风险认知与过去一年在主要恋爱关系之外发生性行为、过去五年有五个或更多性伴侣以及有一个有其他伴侣的主要伴侣显著相关。我们发现自我风险认知与采取降低风险策略（如询问伴侣的风险或使用避孕套）之间没有显著关系。这些数据表明，该人群中的女性可能对自身不易感染HIV过于乐观。虽然那些认为自己有感染HIV性传播风险的女性更有可能报告高危行为，但风险认知并未促使这些女性采取低风险行为。这些数据表明，简单的HIV教育和告知可能对减少该人群中女性的HIV暴露影响甚微。必须探索降低风险的替代策略。
