Leung A K, Robson W L
Department of Pediatrics, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
J Natl Med Assoc. 1993 Mar;85(3):233-5.
Nightmares are unpleasant or frightening dreams that occur sporadically in virtually all children. The peak incidence occurs between 3 and 6 years of age. Developmental, genetic, psychological, and organic factors have been identified as causes of nightmares. Nightmares usually occur in the middle of the night or in the early morning when rapid eye movement sleep is more common. The content of the nightmare almost always involves a specific danger to the child. On awakening, the child is fully alert, may be easily calmed or comforted, and can usually recall the details of the nightmare. Sporadic nightmares are common in children and require reassurance only. If nightmares are frequent and persistent, a psychological evaluation of the child and family is indicated.
噩梦是几乎所有儿童都会偶尔出现的不愉快或可怕的梦境。发病高峰期出现在3至6岁之间。已确定发育、遗传、心理和器质性因素为噩梦的成因。噩梦通常发生在半夜或清晨，此时快速眼动睡眠更为常见。噩梦的内容几乎总是涉及对孩子的特定危险。醒来时，孩子完全清醒，可能很容易平静或得到安抚，并且通常能够回忆起噩梦的细节。偶尔做噩梦在儿童中很常见，仅需给予安慰即可。如果噩梦频繁且持续，就需要对孩子及其家庭进行心理评估。
