Peterson C
Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 48109-1346.
Behav Res Ther. 1993 Mar;31(3):289-95. doi: 10.1016/0005-7967(93)90027-r.
In the present research, we investigated helpless behavior and the responses it elicits from others. Study One used the act-frequency approach to develop a self-report measure of prototypically helpless behaviors. In a sample of college students (n = 75), this measure was validated against ratings by others. Many of the prototypically helpless behaviors we identified were interpersonal in nature, implying that they entail dependency and perhaps manipulativeness. In Study Two, we asked young adult (n = 249) Ss how they responded to people who showed varying amounts of helplessness. The most frequent response was trying to help the helpless individual feel better. As the frequency of helpless behavior increased, people were less likely to try to make him or her feel better, less likely to go along with the helpless individual, more likely to become angry and more likely to ignore or avoid this individual. Implications of these results for applications of the learned helplessness model were discussed, in particular the need to be cautious in assuming that all instances of observed passivity are good examples of learned helplessness.
在本研究中，我们调查了无助行为及其引发的他人反应。研究一采用行为频率法编制了一份关于典型无助行为的自我报告量表。在一个大学生样本（n = 75）中，该量表通过他人的评分得到了验证。我们确定的许多典型无助行为本质上都是人际性的，这意味着它们涉及依赖，甚至可能具有操纵性。在研究二中，我们询问了年轻成年人（n = 249）被试，他们如何回应表现出不同程度无助的人。最常见的反应是试图帮助无助的个体感觉好一些。随着无助行为频率的增加，人们试图让其感觉好一些的可能性降低，顺从无助个体的可能性降低，生气的可能性增加，忽视或避开该个体的可能性增加。讨论了这些结果对习得性无助模型应用的启示，特别是在假设所有观察到的被动行为都是习得性无助的良好例证时需要谨慎。
