Rahe R H
Integr Physiol Behav Sci. 1993 Jan-Mar;28(1):46-56. doi: 10.1007/BF02691199.
A photographic lens and filter model is presented which outlines six steps between a person's perception of stressful life events and their possible eventual development of an illness. Persons developing acute post-traumatic stress disorder differ markedly in their processing of early steps in the model compared to those who go on to suffer from chronic post-traumatic stress disorder. Persons with the acute disorder, with high likelihood of recovery, generally have had enriching early life experiences, use psychological defenses to a moderate degree, and demonstrate ample coping capabilities. Those going on to the chronic disorder, who frequently don't recover, often report impoverished early life experiences, employ psychological defenses to an extreme degree, and show a paucity of coping skills. These differences are illustrated by histories from survivors of a terrorist bombing and by observations made by the author of returned prisoners of war and civilian hostages.
本文提出了一个摄影镜头与滤镜模型，该模型概述了从一个人对压力性生活事件的感知到其可能最终患病之间的六个步骤。与那些继而患上慢性创伤后应激障碍的人相比，患上急性创伤后应激障碍的人在该模型早期步骤的处理上有显著差异。患有急性障碍且康复可能性高的人，通常早年生活经历丰富，适度运用心理防御机制，并展现出充足的应对能力。而那些继而患上慢性障碍且常常无法康复的人，往往报告称早年生活经历匮乏，极度运用心理防御机制，且应对技能不足。恐怖爆炸幸存者的经历以及作者对战俘归国人员和平民人质的观察结果，都说明了这些差异。
