Waller P J
CSIRO Division of Animal Health, McMaster Laboratory, Glebe, N.S.W., Australia.
Vet Parasitol. 1993 Feb;46(1-4):133-42. doi: 10.1016/0304-4017(93)90054-q.
Anthelmintics will continue to play a central role in nematode control programs of livestock for the foreseeable future. However, to prevent the emergence of resistance, anthelmintics need to be either so effective that there are no survivors following treatment or treatment should be so infrequent that those that survive make little or no contribution to subsequent generations of the parasite populations. In this regard, the record for the sheep, horse and particularly the goat industry is not good, whereas the second factor is almost certainly responsible for the lack of a significant resistance problem in the cattle industry. In Australia, where high levels of resistance prevail, control programs designed to limit the increase and spread of resistance have been promoted for some time. However, their development, and certainly their implementation, has tended to be reactive rather than proactive--attempting to deal with the problem when it threatens future productivity, rather than preventing it in the first instance. Regions and/or livestock industries with relatively less of a resistance problem should heed these developments and endeavour to establish a responsible ethos amongst users of anthelmintics. In concert with the general philosophy of Integrated Pest Management (IPM), parasite control schemes should focus on the planned integration of a range of techniques, rather than relying almost entirely on anthelmintics. By these means, sustainable control strategies to prevent resistance could be achieved.
在可预见的未来，驱虫药将继续在牲畜线虫控制计划中发挥核心作用。然而，为防止耐药性的出现，驱虫药要么必须非常有效，以至于治疗后没有存活者，要么治疗频率应非常低，以使存活者对寄生虫种群的后代几乎没有或没有贡献。在这方面，绵羊、马尤其是山羊产业的情况并不理想，而第二个因素几乎可以肯定是养牛业没有出现严重耐药性问题的原因。在澳大利亚，耐药性普遍较高，旨在限制耐药性增加和传播的控制计划已经推行了一段时间。然而，这些计划的制定，当然还有实施，往往是被动的而不是主动的——试图在问题威胁到未来生产力时加以解决，而不是首先预防它。耐药性问题相对较少的地区和/或牲畜产业应该关注这些发展，并努力在驱虫药使用者中树立一种负责任的风气。与综合虫害管理（IPM）的总体理念相一致，寄生虫控制方案应侧重于一系列技术的计划整合，而不是几乎完全依赖驱虫药。通过这些方法，可以实现防止耐药性的可持续控制策略。
