LaCroix A Z, Guralnik J M, Berkman L F, Wallace R B, Satterfield S
Center for Health Studies, University of Washington, Seattle 98101-1448.
Am J Epidemiol. 1993 Apr 15;137(8):858-69. doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a116747.
While positive health behaviors have been shown to extend life, their association with extending active life has not been well investigated. In this report, several health behaviors were investigated in relation to maintaining mobility during 4 years of follow-up among 6,981 men and women aged 65 years and older with intact mobility at baseline between 1981 and 1983 who lived in one of three communities: East Boston, Massachusetts; Iowa and Washington counties, Iowa; and New Haven, Connecticut. Intact mobility, defined as the ability to climb up and down stairs and walk a half mile, was determined annually by interview, and study subjects were classified into one of three categories at the end of 4 years of follow-up: 1) maintained mobility (55.1%); 2) lost mobility (36.2%); or 3) died without evidence of having lost mobility prior to death (8.7%). After adjustment for age and all of the health behaviors, risk of losing mobility was significantly associated with current smoking, not consuming alcohol compared with small-to-moderate amounts of alcohol consumption, high (> 80th percentile) compared with moderate (21-80th percentiles) body mass index, and low physical activity levels in both men and women. These findings suggest that positive health behaviors can not only extend longevity but also reduce the risk of losing mobility and independence in later life.
虽然积极的健康行为已被证明能延长寿命，但它们与延长活跃生活的关联尚未得到充分研究。在本报告中，对1981年至1983年期间居住在三个社区之一（马萨诸塞州东波士顿；爱荷华州爱荷华县和华盛顿县；康涅狄格州纽黑文）的6981名65岁及以上、基线时行动能力完好的男性和女性进行了为期4年的随访，调查了几种健康行为与维持行动能力之间的关系。行动能力完好定义为能够上下楼梯和行走半英里，每年通过访谈确定，在4年随访结束时，研究对象被分为三类之一：1）维持行动能力（55.1%）；2）丧失行动能力（36.2%）；或3）在死亡前无行动能力丧失证据而死亡（8.7%）。在对年龄和所有健康行为进行调整后，丧失行动能力的风险与当前吸烟、与少量至适量饮酒相比不饮酒、与中等（第21至80百分位数）体重指数相比高（>第80百分位数）体重指数以及男性和女性的低身体活动水平显著相关。这些发现表明，积极的健康行为不仅可以延长寿命，还可以降低晚年丧失行动能力和独立性的风险。
