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那些即将成为“健康福音的高效传播者”的毛利族护士在哪里?

Where are the Maori nurses who were to become those "efficient preachers of the gospel of health?".

作者信息

Holdaway M

出版信息

Nurs Prax N Z. 1993 Mar;8(1):25-34.

PMID:8485386
Abstract

In an article published in Nursing Praxis in New Zealand Pamela Wood outlines the 1898 scheme for educating Maori nurses. This article gives an overview of the history of the nursing programme for Maori women. Wood states that "Far from being attempts to smooth the pillow of a dying race, [this programme was] grounded in a real concern to improve Maori health". I seek here to contribute to the debate on the development of Maori nursing education in New Zealand between the years of 1900 to 1910. In my opinion Maori nurses did not become 'efficient preachers' not because of lack of will, but rather because of the inequalities which existed between Pakeha and Maori nurse training schemes. The 'separatist' approach to the training of the Maori nurses, and the universal belief in the 'native' inability to learn, 'native' being a generic term for all races other than European, led to a scheme which failed to provide the number of Maori nurses envisaged at its inception. In little more than a decade from the scheme's inception to its Health Department launch the ideal of training for Maori women was abandoned. By examining resistance from within nursing and the wider socio-political environment, this paper demonstrates how certain groups are consistently discriminated against. It further shows that reforms are not necessarily progressive but rather are double edged and always, in part, reflect the views of the most powerful.

摘要

在发表于《新西兰护理实践》的一篇文章中,帕梅拉·伍德概述了1898年的毛利护士教育计划。本文概述了毛利女性护理项目的历史。伍德指出:“该项目绝非试图抚慰一个垂死种族,而是基于改善毛利人健康的切实关切。”在此,我旨在为1900年至1910年间新西兰毛利护理教育发展的辩论做出贡献。在我看来,毛利护士未能成为“高效的传播者”,并非因为缺乏意愿,而是因为白种护士和毛利护士培训计划之间存在不平等。对毛利护士培训采用的“分离主义”方法,以及普遍认为“本地人”没有学习能力(“本地人”是对除欧洲人以外所有种族的统称)的观念,导致了一个未能提供其初始设想数量的毛利护士的计划。从该计划启动到其在卫生部推行,不过十几年时间,为毛利女性提供培训的理想就被放弃了。通过审视护理行业内部以及更广泛的社会政治环境的阻力,本文展示了某些群体是如何持续受到歧视的。它进一步表明,改革不一定是进步的,而是具有两面性,并且在某种程度上总是反映最有权力者的观点。

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