Burke J P
Am J Occup Ther. 1977 Apr;31(4):254-8.
Occupational therapy is founded on the principle of "actively engaging" the patient in tasks of therapeutic benefit. This method of treatment necessitates matching a patient's needs with interests and abilities in an attempt to motivate the individual to perform. A lack of motivation is often the most difficult and most unsuccessfully overcome obstacle in the occupational therapy clinic. Classical drive-reduction theories of motivation prove inadequate for therapists to arrest and reverse the behavior of an unmotivated individual. This article offers the concept of personal causation as an alternative means of understanding human motivation. This notion is examined in two modes of behavior, namely pawm and origin, in an attempt to further the understanding of the complex process of self-initiated and self-guided behavior. Four perspectives are proposed for therapeutic intervention that will promote motivated behavior in patients. They include a consideration of the following factors: expectancies of success or failure, internal versus external orientation, belief in skill, and sense of efficacy.
职业疗法基于让患者“积极参与”具有治疗益处的任务这一原则。这种治疗方法需要将患者的需求与兴趣和能力相匹配，以激励个体去执行任务。缺乏动力往往是职业疗法诊所中最困难且最难克服的障碍。经典的动机驱力降低理论被证明不足以让治疗师阻止并扭转缺乏动力个体的行为。本文提出个人因果关系的概念，作为理解人类动机的一种替代方法。这一概念在两种行为模式，即掌控与起源中进行了探讨，以进一步理解自我发起和自我引导行为的复杂过程。提出了四种治疗干预的观点，这些观点将促进患者产生积极的行为。它们包括对以下因素的考量：对成功或失败的预期、内在与外在取向、对技能的信念以及效能感。
