McGrath P J, McAlpine L
Department of Psychology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.
J Pediatr. 1993 May;122(5 Pt 2):S2-8. doi: 10.1016/s0022-3476(11)80002-8.
Pain has always been a salient feature for children because it occurs frequently in their everyday lives. We are only beginning to understand childhood pain. Yet, it is this understanding that influences our assessment and treatment of their pain. As with adults, pain in children is a complex matrix of biologic, psychologic, and sociologic phenomena. This article reviews what we know today about childhood pain and focuses on the psychologic perspectives that affect that pain experience. It outlines the psychologic elements that include: cognition, coping strategies, ability to communicate pain, fear, temperament, and personality as well as the sociologic factors, such as the family, culture, and economics, that influence children's perceptions and reactions to pain. The article concludes with a review of psychologic treatments of pain and an exploration of the effects of the psychology of adults, including professional anxiety and beliefs about pain and medication, on how pain is experienced by children.
疼痛一直是儿童的一个显著特征，因为它在儿童的日常生活中频繁出现。我们才刚刚开始了解儿童疼痛。然而，正是这种理解影响着我们对他们疼痛的评估和治疗。与成人一样，儿童的疼痛是生物、心理和社会现象的复杂组合。本文回顾了我们目前对儿童疼痛的了解，并重点关注影响疼痛体验的心理学观点。它概述了心理因素，包括认知、应对策略、表达疼痛的能力、恐惧、气质和性格，以及社会因素，如家庭、文化和经济状况，这些因素会影响儿童对疼痛的认知和反应。文章最后回顾了疼痛的心理治疗方法，并探讨了成人心理，包括职业焦虑以及对疼痛和药物治疗的看法，对儿童疼痛体验的影响。
