Bosshardt H G
Fakultät für Psychologie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany.
J Speech Hear Res. 1993 Apr;36(2):286-93. doi: 10.1044/jshr.3602.286.
Longer rehearsal times presumably reduce the efficiency of rehearsal and, hence, of short-term recall. The present experiment examined the question as to whether the slower subvocalization rate of people who stutter is correlated with inferior short-term serial recall and recognition performance. Rate of overt articulation was taken as a measure of rehearsal time. Lists of four nonlexical CVC syllables were presented for short-term serial recall and for short-term recognition. Nineteen adults who stutter and 30 nonstutterers participated in the experiment. In the serial reproduction task the subjects who stuttered reproduced significantly fewer items correctly than did nonstutterers. Recognition performance was measured by nonparametric measures of sensitivity and bias as defined in signal detection theory. The stuttering subjects had a significantly lower sensitivity resulting primarily from a higher false alarm rate. Rate of overt articulation was significantly related to one measure of short-term recall but not to the sensitivity of recognition. These results were interpreted as suggesting that people who stutter have slower phonological encoding and rehearsal times, that they make less use of nonphonological forms of coding than do nonstutterers, and that within their phonological system, activation more easily spills over to similar items.
更长的复述时间大概会降低复述效率，进而降低短期记忆的效率。本实验探讨了口吃者较慢的默读速率是否与较差的短期序列回忆及识别表现相关这一问题。清晰发音的速率被用作复述时间的衡量指标。呈现由四个非词汇性辅音-元音-辅音音节组成的列表，用于短期序列回忆和短期识别。19名成年口吃者和30名非口吃者参与了该实验。在序列再现任务中，口吃的受试者正确再现的项目明显少于非口吃者。识别表现通过信号检测理论中定义的敏感性和偏差的非参数测量来衡量。口吃受试者的敏感性显著较低，主要是由于误报率较高。清晰发音的速率与一项短期回忆指标显著相关，但与识别的敏感性无关。这些结果被解释为表明口吃者的语音编码和复述时间较慢，他们比非口吃者更少使用非语音形式的编码，并且在他们的语音系统中，激活更容易扩散到相似的项目上。
