Sports medicine. 4. Spine and head injuries.

This self-directed learning module highlights important aspects of athletic spine and head injuries. It is part of the chapter on sports medicine in the Self-Directed Medical Knowledge Program for practitioners and trainees in physical medicine and rehabilitation. This article covers the presentation, pathomechanics, and classification of common and important cervical and lumbar injuries. Sports participation criteria for children with spine deformities are discussed. In addition, a description of the degrees of concussion, the general guidelines for return to play after a sports-related head injury, and postconcussion sequelae are reviewed.