Pistelli R, Forastiere F, Corbo G M, Dell'Orco V, Brancato G, Agabiti N, Pizzabiocca A, Perucci C A
Department of Respiratory Physiology, Catholic University, Rome, Italy.
Eur Respir J. 1993 Apr;6(4):517-22.
To investigate whether dietary salt intake and urinary sodium and potassium levels are related to respiratory symptoms and bronchial responsiveness, a cross-sectional study among 2593 subjects aged 9 to 16 was conducted in four communities of the Latium region (Italy). Questionnaires were administered to the parents, urine samples were collected, lung function, methacholine challenge tests and prick tests were performed. Information about familial and personal dietary salt use and respiratory health was collected from the parents of 2439 (94%) subjects. A total of 2020 methacholine challenge tests and 916 urinary sodium and potassium levels were available for analysis. Personal table salt use was strongly related to cough and phlegm apart from colds (adjusted odds ratios, OR, 1.87, 95% confidence intervals, CI, 1.20-2.90), wheezing apart from colds (OR, 2.19, 95% CI, 1.27-3.77), wheezing with dyspnoea (OR, 1.45, 95% CI, 0.98-2.12) and wheezing after exercise (OR, 2.16, 95% CI, 1.35-3.44). These associations were mainly found in boys. Use of familial table salt and canned food showed no relation to respiratory symptoms. Increased bronchial responsiveness was associated with a higher urinary potassium excretion in boys, but not with urinary sodium. In conclusion, personal table salt use is related to an increased prevalence of bronchial symptoms; an increase in bronchial responsiveness among those with higher potassium excretion also seems to be implied. Although it is difficult to interpret the results of this study in causal terms, the findings might be relevant to the distribution of bronchial symptoms and diseases in the population.
为研究饮食中盐的摄入量以及尿钠和尿钾水平是否与呼吸道症状及支气管反应性相关，在意大利拉齐奥地区的四个社区对2593名9至16岁的受试者进行了一项横断面研究。向家长发放问卷，收集尿样，并进行肺功能、乙酰甲胆碱激发试验和皮肤点刺试验。从2439名（94%）受试者的家长处收集了有关家庭和个人饮食中盐的使用情况以及呼吸道健康的信息。共有2020份乙酰甲胆碱激发试验结果以及916份尿钠和尿钾水平数据可供分析。个人食盐摄入量除了与感冒引起的咳嗽和咳痰密切相关（校正比值比，OR，1.87；95%置信区间，CI，1.20 - 2.90）外，还与非感冒引起的喘息（OR，2.19；95%CI，1.27 - 3.77）、伴有呼吸困难的喘息（OR，1.45；95%CI，0.98 - 2.12）以及运动后喘息（OR，2.16；95%CI，1.35 - 3.44）相关。这些关联主要在男孩中发现。家庭食盐和罐头食品的使用与呼吸道症状无关。男孩支气管反应性增加与尿钾排泄增加相关，但与尿钠无关。总之，个人食盐摄入量与支气管症状患病率增加有关；尿钾排泄较高者支气管反应性增加似乎也与之相关。尽管难以从因果关系角度解释本研究结果，但这些发现可能与人群中支气管症状和疾病的分布有关。
