Wypych Tomasz P, Marsland Benjamin J
Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Service de Pneumologie, CHUV, Epalinges 1066, Switzerland.
Nutrients. 2017 May 24;9(6):537. doi: 10.3390/nu9060537.
From an evolutionary standpoint, allergy has only recently emerged as a significant health problem. Various hypotheses were proposed to explain this, but they all indicated the importance of rapid lifestyle changes, which occurred in industrialized countries in the last few decades. In this review, we discuss evidence from epidemiological and experimental studies that indicate changes in dietary habits may have played an important role in this phenomenon. Based on the example of dietary fiber, we discuss molecular mechanisms behind this and point towards the importance of diet-induced changes in the microbiota. Finally, we reason that future studies unraveling mechanisms governing these changes, along with the development of better tools to manipulate microbiota composition in individuals will be crucial for the design of novel strategies to combat numerous inflammatory disorders, including atopic diseases.
从进化的角度来看，过敏只是在最近才成为一个重大的健康问题。人们提出了各种假说来解释这一现象，但它们都指出了快速生活方式变化的重要性，这种变化在过去几十年里发生在工业化国家。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了来自流行病学和实验研究的证据，这些证据表明饮食习惯的改变可能在这一现象中发挥了重要作用。基于膳食纤维的例子，我们讨论了其背后的分子机制，并指出饮食引起的微生物群变化的重要性。最后，我们认为，未来揭示这些变化调控机制的研究，以及开发更好的工具来操纵个体的微生物群组成，对于设计对抗包括特应性疾病在内的多种炎症性疾病的新策略至关重要。
