Boogaard P J, Rocchi P S, van Sittert N J
Shell Internationale Petroleum Maatschappij BV, Health, Safety, and Environment Division, The Hague, The Netherlands.
Br J Ind Med. 1993 Apr;50(4):331-9. doi: 10.1136/oem.50.4.331.
An assessment has been made of biochemical alterations in renal and hepatic functions of 73 male operators employed for an average of 8.2 years (range 0.5-23 years) in a chemical plant producing chlorinated hydrocarbons. Exposure to allyl chloride (AC), 1,3-dichloropropene (DCP), epichlorohydrin (ECH), and hexachlorocyclopentadiene (HEX) has regularly been determined by personal air monitoring since 1980. Although exposures to DCP and ECH were well below currently accepted maximum allowable concentrations (MACs), relatively high exposures to AC and HEX, occasionally exceeding the MAC, have been measured. The results of the kidney and liver function tests were compared with those of a control group comprising 35 men employed at the materials division and not occupationally exposed to chemicals. Biochemical alterations of liver function were assessed by determination in serum of alanine and aspartate aminotransferases (ALAT, ASAT), alkaline phosphatase (AP), total bilirubin (BIL), gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and total bile acids (SBA). No differences between the exposed group and the control group were found. Nor were differences found in biochemical tests for renal tubular damage (urinary alanine aminopeptidase (AAP) and N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) and renal tubular function (urinary retinol binding protein (RBP). Total urinary protein and albumin excretion were measured to assess the integrity of the glomerulus. Urinary total protein did not differ between the groups, but urinary albumin, although within normal limits in both groups, was significantly higher (p < 0.02) in the exposed group. This difference in urinary albumin could not simply be explained by exposure to chlorinated hydrocarbons because albumin concentrations did not correlate with the duration of employment. It is concluded that long term exposure to concentrations of AC, DCP, ECH, or HEX below or near the current limit threshold value does not lead to clinically significant effects on kidney and liver.
对一家生产氯代烃的化工厂中73名男性操作人员的肾和肝功能的生化改变进行了评估，这些操作人员平均工作年限为8.2年（范围为0.5 - 23年）。自1980年以来，通过个人空气监测定期测定了他们对烯丙基氯（AC）、1,3 - 二氯丙烯（DCP）、环氧氯丙烷（ECH）和六氯环戊二烯（HEX）的接触情况。尽管对DCP和ECH的接触远低于目前公认的最大允许浓度（MACs），但已检测到对AC和HEX的接触相对较高，偶尔会超过MAC。将肾功能和肝功能测试结果与一个对照组进行了比较，该对照组由35名在材料部门工作且未职业接触化学品的男性组成。通过测定血清中的丙氨酸和天冬氨酸转氨酶（ALAT、ASAT）、碱性磷酸酶（AP）、总胆红素（BIL）、γ - 谷氨酰转肽酶（GGT）、乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）和总胆汁酸（SBA）来评估肝功能的生化改变。未发现暴露组与对照组之间存在差异。在肾小管损伤的生化测试（尿丙氨酸氨基肽酶（AAP）和N - 乙酰 - β - D - 氨基葡萄糖苷酶（NAG））以及肾小管功能（尿视黄醇结合蛋白（RBP））方面也未发现差异。测量了尿总蛋白和白蛋白排泄量以评估肾小球的完整性。两组之间尿总蛋白没有差异，但尿白蛋白虽然在两组中均在正常范围内，但在暴露组中显著更高（p < 0.02）。尿白蛋白的这种差异不能简单地用接触氯代烃来解释，因为白蛋白浓度与工作年限无关。结论是，长期接触低于或接近当前极限阈值浓度的AC、DCP、ECH或HEX不会对肾脏和肝脏产生临床上显著的影响。
