Knox A P, Strominger N L, Battles A H, Carpenter D O
Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Albany Medical College, NY 12208.
Brain Res Bull. 1993;31(5):477-84. doi: 10.1016/0361-9230(93)90112-o.
The ferrets' responsiveness to several known and putative emetic agents was evaluated using a variety of agents that were injected subcutaneously and/or intravenously. Apomorphine was consistently emetic at relatively high doses (100 micrograms/kg) when injected subcutaneously in large male ferrets (> or = 1.4 kg). The responsiveness to apomorphine was anomalous in that subcutaneous injections produced a more consistent response than intravenous ones. In addition, ferrets rapidly become tolerant or tachyphylactic to subcutaneously administered apomorphine. Area postrema ablation, but not abdominal vagotomy, rendered ferrets refractory to the emetic effects of apomorphine. This species, relative to dog and humans, proved to be insensitive to a variety of pharmacologic agents including angiotensin II, gastrin, histamine, Leu-enkephalin, neurotensin, serotonin, and vasopressin. Cisplatin elicited forceful retching and emesis. Emetic responses were obtained with substance P and Met-enkephalin in individual animals but were inconsistent. Sensitivity to DAGO [D-Ala2,MePhe4,Gly-ol5 enkephalin] was variable. Results of this study indicate that the ferret is not an optimal model for all forms of emesis.
使用多种经皮下和/或静脉注射的药剂评估雪貂对几种已知和假定催吐剂的反应性。阿扑吗啡在相对高剂量（100微克/千克）时，皮下注射给大型雄性雪貂（≥1.4千克）时始终会引起呕吐。雪貂对阿扑吗啡的反应异常，皮下注射产生的反应比静脉注射更一致。此外，雪貂对皮下注射的阿扑吗啡会迅速产生耐受性或快速耐受性。最后区损毁而非腹部迷走神经切断术使雪貂对阿扑吗啡的催吐作用产生抗性。相对于狗和人类，该物种对包括血管紧张素II、胃泌素、组胺、亮氨酸脑啡肽、神经降压素、血清素和加压素在内的多种药理剂不敏感。顺铂引发强烈干呕和呕吐。个别动物对P物质和甲硫氨酸脑啡肽有催吐反应，但不一致。对DAGO [D-丙氨酸2，甲基苯丙氨酸4，甘氨酸醇5脑啡肽]的敏感性各不相同。本研究结果表明，雪貂并非所有形式呕吐的最佳模型。
