Rowland M L, Forthofer R N
Division of Health Examination Statistics, National Center for Health Statistics, Hyattsville, MD 20782.
Public Health Rep. 1993 May-Jun;108(3):380-6.
There is a potential for nonresponse bias in most population studies using health examinations. This is true of the Mexican American portion of the Hispanic Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (HHANES), conducted by the National Center for Health Statistics, in which unit nonresponse to the examination accounted for 24 percent of the sample. Even though the full effect of nonresponse can never be really known, ancillary information from the interview sample can be used in an attempt to adjust for bias in estimates. Two techniques for nonresponse bias adjustment are presented and illustrated using health status level and hypertension status from published studies based on the HHANES of 1982-84. The first approach uses conditional probabilities and the second approach uses direct standardization. The examples examine whether or not an adjustment for socioeconomic status, sex, and age--variables related to both response status and the conditions under study--changes the prevalence estimates of (a) Mexican Americans who report poor, fair, or good health status and (b) hypertension among Mexican Americans.
在大多数采用健康检查的人群研究中，都存在无应答偏倚的可能性。美国国家卫生统计中心开展的西班牙裔健康与营养检查调查（HHANES）中的墨西哥裔美国人部分便是如此，在该调查中，体检的单位无应答率占样本的24%。尽管无应答的全部影响永远无法确切知晓，但可以利用访谈样本中的辅助信息来尝试调整估计中的偏差。本文介绍了两种无应答偏倚调整技术，并根据1982 - 1984年HHANES发表的研究中的健康状况水平和高血压状况进行了说明。第一种方法使用条件概率，第二种方法使用直接标准化。这些例子考察了对社会经济地位、性别和年龄（与应答状态和所研究状况均相关的变量）进行调整是否会改变（a）报告健康状况为差、一般或良好的墨西哥裔美国人以及（b）墨西哥裔美国人中高血压患病率的估计值。
