Karnaky K G, Kinter W B
J Exp Zool. 1977 Mar;199(3):355-64. doi: 10.1002/jez.1401990309.
In teleosts the head region, particularly the gills, plays the key role in osmoregulatory NaCl transport, presumably by mechanisms located in the chloride cell. As interest has focused on specific mechanisms of chloride cell function, two classical preparations, the intact fish and the isolated, perfused gill, have continued to serve as the only available model systems. However, both of these preparations have severe limitations, e.g., as they are not flat sheets, they cannot be studied readily under the ideal thermodynamic conditions achieved with the short-circuit current technique. The present sutdy describes the histology and ultrastructure of a particular area of skin in the head region of both killifish (Fundulus heteroclitus) and sea raven (Hemitripterus americanus). This skin lies on the inside of the operculum and possesses a flat epithelium containing chloride cells. In the present study the identity of the chloride cell in this epithelium was definitively established with the electron microscope. Although the opercular epithelium from the marine sea raven contains few chloride cells, that from the euryhaline killifish adapted to pond water, 100%-, and 200% artificial seawater is predominately chloride cells. Significantly, the teleost gill has never been reported to contain more than 10% chloride cells. Thus the opercular skin of the killifish can serve as a model to study the adaptive role of chloride cells in euryhaline teleosts. A separate electrophysiological study has deminstrated that the short-circuit current technique can be applied to this skin.
在硬骨鱼中，头部区域，尤其是鳃，在渗透压调节性氯化钠转运中起关键作用，推测是通过位于氯细胞中的机制来实现的。随着人们对氯细胞功能的特定机制的关注，两种经典的制备方法，即完整的鱼和分离的、灌注的鳃，仍然是仅有的可用模型系统。然而，这两种制备方法都有严重的局限性，例如，由于它们不是扁平薄片，无法在短路电流技术所达到的理想热力学条件下方便地进行研究。本研究描述了鳉鱼（Fundulus heteroclitus）和海鸦（Hemitripterus americanus）头部区域特定皮肤区域的组织学和超微结构。这种皮肤位于鳃盖内侧，具有包含氯细胞的扁平上皮。在本研究中，通过电子显微镜明确确定了该上皮中氯细胞的身份。虽然来自海洋海鸦的鳃盖上皮含有少量氯细胞，但来自适应池塘水、100%和200%人工海水的广盐性鳉鱼的鳃盖上皮主要是氯细胞。值得注意的是，从未有报道称硬骨鱼的鳃中氯细胞含量超过10%。因此，鳉鱼的鳃盖皮肤可以作为研究广盐性硬骨鱼中氯细胞适应性作用的模型。另一项电生理研究表明，短路电流技术可以应用于这种皮肤。
