Lassaline M E, Logan G D
Department of Psychology, University of Illinois, Champaign 61820.
J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn. 1993 May;19(3):561-81. doi: 10.1037//0278-7393.19.3.561.
In the development of memory-based models of automaticity, it is crucial to specify the nature of the memory representation. Seven experiments with 94 students use a counting task to determine whether a feature (i.e., identity, color, or orientation) is explicitly represented in memory. It is assumed that the degree of transfer to a pattern differing on one feature is determined by that feature's importance in supporting skilled performance. Experiment 1 determined the practice necessary to obtain automaticity. In Experiments 2a, 3a, and 4a, which investigated the nature of the representation after extended practice, changing neither the identity nor color of elements had strong effects on transfer, but changing pattern orientation did impair memory retrieval, thus suggesting that for the counting task, pattern orientation is more important than element identity or color. Experiments 2b, 3b, and 4b replicated these results after limited practice.
在基于记忆的自动性模型的发展过程中，明确记忆表征的本质至关重要。对94名学生进行的七项实验采用计数任务来确定一个特征（即形状、颜色或方向）是否在记忆中被明确表征。假定向在一个特征上不同的模式的迁移程度由该特征在支持熟练表现中的重要性决定。实验1确定了获得自动性所需的练习。在实验2a、3a和4a中，这些实验在长时间练习后研究了表征的本质，改变元素的形状和颜色对迁移没有强烈影响，但改变模式方向确实会损害记忆检索，因此表明对于计数任务，模式方向比元素形状或颜色更重要。实验2b、3b和4b在有限练习后重复了这些结果。
